वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-1, verse-12

अयं वसन्तः सौमित्रे नानाविहगनादितः ।
सीतया विप्रहीणस्य शोकसंदीपनो मम ॥१२॥

12. ayaṃ vasantaḥ saumitre nānāvihaganāditaḥ ,
sītayā viprahīṇasya śokasaṃdīpano mama.

12. ayam vasantaḥ saumitre nānāvihaganāditaḥ
sītayā viprahīṇasya śokasandīpanaḥ mama

12. saumitre ayam nānāvihaganāditaḥ vasantaḥ
sītayā viprahīṇasya mama śokasandīpanaḥ

12. O Saumitri, this spring, filled with the calls of many birds, intensifies my sorrow, as I am separated from Sītā.

Words meanings summery:

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• वसन्तः (vasantaḥ) - spring

• सौमित्रे (saumitre) - O Saumitri, O Lakshmana (son of Sumitra)

• नानाविहगनादितः (nānāvihaganāditaḥ) - resonant with various birds, filled with the cries of various birds

• सीतया (sītayā) - by Sītā

• विप्रहीणस्य (viprahīṇasya) - of one separated, of one deprived

• शोकसन्दीपनः (śokasandīpanaḥ) - inciter of grief, intensifier of sorrow

• मम (mama) - my, of me

Words meanings and morphology

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'vasantaḥ'.

वसन्तः (vasantaḥ) - spring

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vasanta

vasanta - spring (season)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

सौमित्रे (saumitre) - O Saumitri, O Lakshmana (son of Sumitra)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saumitri

saumitri - son of Sumitrā (Lakṣmaṇa)

Patronymic from Sumitrā.

नानाविहगनादितः (nānāvihaganāditaḥ) - resonant with various birds, filled with the cries of various birds

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nānāvihaganādita

nānāvihaganādita - resonant with the cries of various birds

Compound type : instrumental tatpurusha (nānā+vihaga+nādita)

• nānā – various, manifold, diverse
  indeclinable
• vihaga – bird (lit. 'sky-goer')
  noun (masculine)
  From vi- 'sky' and √gam 'to go'.
  Root: gam (class 1)
• nādita – sounded, made resonant, filled with noise
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From the causative of root √nad (to sound, to roar).
  Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vasantaḥ'.

सीतया (sītayā) - by Sītā

(proper noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sītā (name of Rāma's wife)

विप्रहीणस्य (viprahīṇasya) - of one separated, of one deprived

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of viprahīṇa

viprahīṇa - separated, deprived, destitute

Past Passive Participle

From root √hā (to abandon, forsake) with prefixes vi- and pra-.

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'mama' (of me/I).

शोकसन्दीपनः (śokasandīpanaḥ) - inciter of grief, intensifier of sorrow

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokasandīpana

śokasandīpana - increasing sorrow, inflaming grief, kindling grief

Agent noun derived from √dīp (to shine, inflame) with prefix sam-, with '-ana' suffix.

Compound type : tatpurusha (śoka+sandīpana)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From root √śuc (to grieve).
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• sandīpana – kindling, exciting, inflaming (noun or adjective)
  noun (neuter)
  From root √dīp (to shine, inflame) with prefix sam- and suffix -ana.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'vasantaḥ'.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

First person pronoun.

Note: Possessive, refers to the speaker (Rama).