वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-1, verse-21

वदन्ति रावं मुदिताः शकुनाः संघशः कलम् ।
आह्वयन्त इवान्योन्यं कामोन्मादकरा मम ॥२१॥

21. vadanti rāvaṃ muditāḥ śakunāḥ saṃghaśaḥ kalam ,
āhvayanta ivānyonyaṃ kāmonmādakarā mama.

21. vadanti rāvam muditāḥ śakunāḥ saṃghaśaḥ kalam
āhvayantaḥ iva anyonyam kāmonmādakarāḥ mama

21. muditāḥ saṃghaśaḥ śakunāḥ kalam rāvam vadanti
iva anyonyam āhvayantaḥ mama kāmonmādakarāḥ

21. The joyful birds, in flocks, utter sweet, melodious calls, as if summoning each other, and these sounds cause love-induced madness within me.

Words meanings summery:

• वदन्ति (vadanti) - they speak, they utter

• रावम् (rāvam) - sound, cry, noise

• मुदिताः (muditāḥ) - joyful, delighted, happy

• शकुनाः (śakunāḥ) - birds

• संघशः (saṁghaśaḥ) - in groups, in flocks, collectively

• कलम् (kalam) - sweet, melodious, indistinctly uttered

• आह्वयन्तः (āhvayantaḥ) - calling, summoning

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as it were

• अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other, mutually

• कामोन्मादकराः (kāmonmādakarāḥ) - causing love-madness, exciting love-intoxication

• मम (mama) - my, for me

Words meanings and morphology

वदन्ति (vadanti) - they speak, they utter

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vad

Present Tense

3rd person plural present active of root vad

Root: vad (class 1)

रावम् (rāvam) - sound, cry, noise

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rava

rava - sound, cry, noise, roar

Derived from root ru (to cry, roar, sound)

Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Object of 'vadanti'.

मुदिताः (muditāḥ) - joyful, delighted, happy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mudita

mudita - joyful, delighted, happy, pleased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root mud (to rejoice, be glad)

Root: mud (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'śakunāḥ'.

शकुनाः (śakunāḥ) - birds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śakuna

śakuna - bird, omen

Note: Subject of 'vadanti'.

संघशः (saṁghaśaḥ) - in groups, in flocks, collectively

(indeclinable)

Suffix -śas indicating 'by groups' or 'in numbers'

Note: Modifies how the birds are acting.

कलम् (kalam) - sweet, melodious, indistinctly uttered

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kala

kala - sweet, melodious, soft, low, indistinct (of sounds or voices)

Note: Qualifies 'rāvam'.

आह्वयन्तः (āhvayantaḥ) - calling, summoning

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āhvayat

āhvayat - calling, summoning, inviting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root hve (to call) with prefix ā- and the present participle suffix śatṛ

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'śakunāḥ'.

इव (iva) - as if, like, as it were

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates comparison or similitude.

अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other, mutually

(pronoun)

Accusative of anyonya

anyonya - each other, mutual, reciprocal

Compound type : dvandva (anya+anya)

• anya – other, another
  pronoun
• anya – other, another
  pronoun

Note: Object of 'āhvayantaḥ'.

कामोन्मादकराः (kāmonmādakarāḥ) - causing love-madness, exciting love-intoxication

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāmonmādakara

kāmonmādakara - causing love-intoxication or love-madness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāmonmāda+kara)

• kāmonmāda – love-intoxication, love-madness, frenzy of love
  noun (masculine)
• kara – making, causing, effecting, producing
  adjective
  Agent suffix -kara
  Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -a
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective describing the birds' calls.

मम (mama) - my, for me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Dative of interest ('for me') indicating the recipient of the effect of love-madness.