वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-1, verse-40

केतकोद्दालकाश्चैव शिरीषाः शिंशपा धवाः ।
शाल्मल्यः किंशुकाश्चैव रक्ताः कुरबकास्तथा ।
तिनिशा नक्त मालाश्च चन्दनाः स्यन्दनास्तथा ॥४०॥

40. ketakoddālakāścaiva śirīṣāḥ śiṃśapā dhavāḥ ,
śālmalyaḥ kiṃśukāścaiva raktāḥ kurabakāstathā ,
tiniśā nakta mālāśca candanāḥ syandanāstathā.

40. ketaka-uddālakāḥ ca eva śirīṣāḥ śiṃśapāḥ
dhavāḥ | śālmalyaḥ kiṃśukāḥ ca eva
raktāḥ kurabakāḥ tathā | tiniśāḥ
nakta-mālāḥ ca candanāḥ syandanāḥ tathā

40. ketaka-uddālakāḥ ca eva śirīṣāḥ śiṃśapāḥ
dhavāḥ śālmalyaḥ kiṃśukāḥ ca eva
raktāḥ kurabakāḥ tathā tiniśāḥ
nakta-mālāḥ ca candanāḥ syandanāḥ tathā

40. Ketaka and uddālaka trees, as well as śirīṣa, śiṃśapā, and dhava trees are present. Śālmalī trees, kiṃśuka trees, and red kurabaka trees are also seen. Furthermore, tiniśa trees, naktamālā trees, candana trees, and syandana trees are there.

Words meanings summery:

• केतक-उद्दालकाः (ketaka-uddālakāḥ) - ketaka and uddālaka trees

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, also

• शिरीषाः (śirīṣāḥ) - śirīṣa trees

• शिंशपाः (śiṁśapāḥ) - śiṃśapā trees

• धवाः (dhavāḥ) - dhava trees

• शाल्मल्यः (śālmalyaḥ) - śālmalī trees

• किंशुकाः (kiṁśukāḥ) - kiṃśuka trees

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, also

• रक्ताः (raktāḥ) - red

• कुरबकाः (kurabakāḥ) - kurabaka trees

• तथा (tathā) - thus, as well, similarly

• तिनिशाः (tiniśāḥ) - tiniśa trees

• नक्त-मालाः (nakta-mālāḥ) - naktamālā trees

• च (ca) - and

• चन्दनाः (candanāḥ) - sandalwood trees

• स्यन्दनाः (syandanāḥ) - syandana trees

• तथा (tathā) - thus, as well, similarly

Words meanings and morphology

केतक-उद्दालकाः (ketaka-uddālakāḥ) - ketaka and uddālaka trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ketakoddālaka

ketakoddālaka - ketaka tree (Pandanus odorifer) and uddālaka tree (Cordia dichotoma)

Compound type : dvandva (ketaka+uddālaka)

• ketaka – ketaka tree (Pandanus odorifer)
  noun (masculine)
• uddālaka – uddālaka tree (Cordia dichotoma, or Cassia fistula)
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, also

(indeclinable)

शिरीषाः (śirīṣāḥ) - śirīṣa trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śirīṣa

śirīṣa - śirīṣa tree (Albizia lebbeck)

शिंशपाः (śiṁśapāḥ) - śiṃśapā trees

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śiṃśapā

śiṁśapā - śiṃśapā tree (Dalbergia sissoo)

Note: Though feminine, it appears in a list with masculine nouns.

धवाः (dhavāḥ) - dhava trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhava

dhava - dhava tree (Anogeissus latifolia)

शाल्मल्यः (śālmalyaḥ) - śālmalī trees

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śālmalī

śālmalī - śālmalī tree (Bombax ceiba, silk cotton tree)

Note: Though feminine, it appears in a list with masculine nouns.

किंशुकाः (kiṁśukāḥ) - kiṃśuka trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kiṃśuka

kiṁśuka - kiṃśuka tree (Butea monosperma, 'Flame of the Forest')

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, also

(indeclinable)

रक्ताः (raktāḥ) - red

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rakta

rakta - red, dyed, attached, impassioned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √rañj 'to color, to be red'

Root: rañj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with kurabakāḥ.

कुरबकाः (kurabakāḥ) - kurabaka trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kurabaka

kurabaka - kurabaka tree (a kind of amaranth, or red amaranth)

तथा (tathā) - thus, as well, similarly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to connect groups in the list.

तिनिशाः (tiniśāḥ) - tiniśa trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tiniśa

tiniśa - tiniśa tree (Ougeinia oojeinensis)

नक्त-मालाः (nakta-mālāḥ) - naktamālā trees

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of naktamālā

naktamālā - naktamālā tree (Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, night-flowering jasmine)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nakta+mālā)

• nakta – night
  noun (neuter)
• mālā – garland, necklace, string of flowers
  noun (feminine)

Note: Though feminine, it appears in a list with masculine nouns.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

चन्दनाः (candanāḥ) - sandalwood trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of candana

candana - sandalwood tree (Santalum album); sandalwood paste

स्यन्दनाः (syandanāḥ) - syandana trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of syandana

syandana - syandana tree (Dalbergia lanceolaria); flowing, moving swiftly

तथा (tathā) - thus, as well, similarly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to connect groups in the list.