वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-1, verse-41

विविधा विविधैः पुष्पैस्तैरेव नगसानुषु ।
विकीर्णैः पीतरक्ताभाः सौमित्रे प्रस्तराः कृताः ॥४१॥

41. vividhā vividhaiḥ puṣpaistaireva nagasānuṣu ,
vikīrṇaiḥ pītaraktābhāḥ saumitre prastarāḥ kṛtāḥ.

41. vividhāḥ vividhaiḥ puṣpaiḥ taiḥ eva naga-sānuṣu |
vikīrṇaiḥ pīta-rakta-ābhāḥ saumitre prastarāḥ kṛtāḥ

41. saumitre naga-sānuṣu vividhaiḥ vikīrṇaiḥ puṣpaiḥ
taiḥ eva prastarāḥ pīta-rakta-ābhāḥ kṛtāḥ

41. O Saumitra, on those very mountain slopes, the rocks appeared yellow and red, due to the diverse, scattered flowers of various kinds.

Words meanings summery:

• विविधाः (vividhāḥ) - various, diverse

• विविधैः (vividhaiḥ) - by various, by diverse

• पुष्पैः (puṣpaiḥ) - by flowers

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, also

• नग-सानुषु (naga-sānuṣu) - on the mountain slopes

• विकीर्णैः (vikīrṇaiḥ) - by scattered

• पीत-रक्त-आभाः (pīta-rakta-ābhāḥ) - having yellow and red appearance

• सौमित्रे (saumitre) - O Saumitra (Lakshmana)

• प्रस्तराः (prastarāḥ) - rocks, stones

• कृताः (kṛtāḥ) - made, rendered, caused to be

Words meanings and morphology

विविधाः (vividhāḥ) - various, diverse

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vividha

vividha - various, manifold, diverse, of many kinds

Note: Acts as a descriptive adjective introducing the variety of flora.

विविधैः (vividhaiḥ) - by various, by diverse

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of vividha

vividha - various, manifold, diverse, of many kinds

Note: Agrees with 'puṣpaiḥ'.

पुष्पैः (puṣpaiḥ) - by flowers

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of puṣpa

puṣpa - flower, blossom

Note: The cause of the rocks' appearance.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to 'puṣpaiḥ' (flowers).

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, also

(indeclinable)

नग-सानुषु (naga-sānuṣu) - on the mountain slopes

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of nagasānu

nagasānu - mountain slope

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (naga+sānu)

• naga – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• sānu – level ground on a mountain, peak, ridge
  noun (masculine)

Note: The location.

विकीर्णैः (vikīrṇaiḥ) - by scattered

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of vikīrṇa

vikīrṇa - scattered, dispersed, strewn

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √kṛ 'to scatter' with upasarga vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'puṣpaiḥ'.

पीत-रक्त-आभाः (pīta-rakta-ābhāḥ) - having yellow and red appearance

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pītaraktābha

pītaraktābha - having a yellow and red lustre/appearance

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pīta+rakta+ābhā)

• pīta – yellow, pale
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √pī 'to drink' (drank) or √pī 'to swell' (swollen, yellow)
  Root: pī (class 1)
• rakta – red, colored, dyed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √rañj 'to color'
  Root: rañj (class 1)
• ābhā – light, lustre, radiance, appearance
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'prastarāḥ'.

सौमित्रे (saumitre) - O Saumitra (Lakshmana)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saumitri

saumitri - son of Sumitrā; an epithet for Lakshmana

patronymic from Sumitrā

Note: Direct address to Lakshmana.

प्रस्तराः (prastarāḥ) - rocks, stones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prastara

prastara - rock, stone, slab, bed

Prefix: pra

Root: stṛ (class 5)

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'kṛtāḥ'.

कृताः (kṛtāḥ) - made, rendered, caused to be

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √kṛ 'to do, to make'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'prastarāḥ'. 'Are made (to appear)'.

Previous Verse Next Verse