वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-1, verse-24

तां विनाथ विहंगो ऽसौ पक्षी प्रणदितस्तदा ।
वायसः पादपगतः प्रहृष्टमभिनर्दति ॥२४॥

24. tāṃ vinātha vihaṃgo'sau pakṣī praṇaditastadā ,
vāyasaḥ pādapagataḥ prahṛṣṭamabhinardati.

24. tām vinātha vihaṅgaḥ asau pakṣī praṇaditaḥ
tadā vāyasaḥ pādapagataḥ prahṛṣṭam abhinardati

24. asau vinātha pakṣī vihaṅgaḥ tām praṇaditaḥ
tadā vāyasaḥ pādapagataḥ prahṛṣṭam abhinardati

24. That forlorn bird then cawed for her (Sita). But the crow, perched on a tree, caws with great joy.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - Sita (her, that (feminine singular accusative))

• विनाथ (vinātha) - without a protector, helpless, forlorn

• विहङ्गः (vihaṅgaḥ) - bird, 'sky-goer'

• असौ (asau) - that, that one (masculine singular nominative)

• पक्षी (pakṣī) - bird, winged creature

• प्रणदितः (praṇaditaḥ) - cawed, sounded, made a noise

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• वायसः (vāyasaḥ) - crow

• पादपगतः (pādapagataḥ) - perched on a tree, gone to a tree

• प्रहृष्टम् (prahṛṣṭam) - joyfully, greatly pleased, delighted

• अभिनर्दति (abhinardati) - caws, cries out, roars

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - Sita (her, that (feminine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विनाथ (vinātha) - without a protector, helpless, forlorn

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinātha

vinātha - without a protector, helpless, forlorn, masterless

From 'vi-' (without) and 'nātha' (master/protector).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (vi+nātha)

• vi – without, apart, away
  indeclinable
• nātha – lord, master, protector, husband
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nāth (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vihaṅgaḥ'.

विहङ्गः (vihaṅgaḥ) - bird, 'sky-goer'

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vihaṅga

vihaṅga - bird, 'sky-goer'

From vi (sky/air) + haṅga (goer, from root gam/han with irregular formation).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (vi+gam)

• vi – sky, bird
  noun (masculine)
• haṅga – going, moving
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'gam' (to go) with irregular suffix. Variant of 'ga'.
  Root: gam (class 1)

असौ (asau) - that, that one (masculine singular nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, that one (demonstrative pronoun, referring to something distant or a third person)

पक्षी (pakṣī) - bird, winged creature

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pakṣin

pakṣin - bird, winged creature, fowler

From pakṣa (wing) + -in suffix.

प्रणदितः (praṇaditaḥ) - cawed, sounded, made a noise

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praṇadita

praṇadita - sounded, cawed, made a noise, shouted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root nad (to sound) with the prefix pra- and the past passive participle suffix -ita.

Prefix: pra

Root: nad (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

वायसः (vāyasaḥ) - crow

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyasa

vāyasa - crow

पादपगतः (pādapagataḥ) - perched on a tree, gone to a tree

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pādapagata

pādapagata - perched on a tree, gone to a tree

From pādapa (tree) + gata (gone, reached).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pādapa+gata)

• pādapa – tree, 'foot-drinker'
  noun (masculine)
  From pāda (foot/root) + pa (drinker, from root pā).
• gata – gone, reached, obtained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

प्रहृष्टम् (prahṛṣṭam) - joyfully, greatly pleased, delighted

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prahṛṣṭa

prahṛṣṭa - greatly pleased, delighted, joyful

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root hṛṣ (to rejoice) with the prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Functions adverbially, indicating the manner of action.

अभिनर्दति (abhinardati) - caws, cries out, roars

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of abhinard

Derived from the root nad (to sound) with the prefix abhi-.

Prefix: abhi

Root: nad (class 1)