वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-1, verse-26

पश्य लक्ष्मण संनादं वने मदविवर्धनम् ।
पुष्पिताग्रेषु वृक्षेषु द्विजानामुपकूजताम् ॥२६॥

26. paśya lakṣmaṇa saṃnādaṃ vane madavivardhanam ,
puṣpitāgreṣu vṛkṣeṣu dvijānāmupakūjatām.

26. paśya lakṣmaṇa saṃnādam vane madavivardhanam
puṣpitāgreṣu vṛkṣeṣu dvijānām upakūjatām

26. lakṣmaṇa paśya vane madavivardhanam saṃnādam
puṣpitāgreṣu vṛkṣeṣu upakūjatām dvijānām

26. Lakshmana, behold the sound in the forest, which enhances exhilaration, [the sound] of birds chirping on the tops of the flowering trees.

Words meanings summery:

• पश्य (paśya) - see, behold, look

• लक्ष्मण (lakṣmaṇa) - Lakshmana

• संनादम् (saṁnādam) - sound, roar, loud noise

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• मदविवर्धनम् (madavivardhanam) - increasing exhilaration/intoxication/joy

• पुष्पिताग्रेषु (puṣpitāgreṣu) - on the tops of flowering (trees)

• वृक्षेषु (vṛkṣeṣu) - on the trees

• द्विजानाम् (dvijānām) - of the birds (of the birds; of the twice-born)

• उपकूजताम् (upakūjatām) - chirping, cooing

Words meanings and morphology

पश्य (paśya) - see, behold, look

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of paśya

Imperative active 2nd singular

From the root √dṛś, with present/imperative stem changed to paśya-

Root: dṛś (class 1)

लक्ष्मण (lakṣmaṇa) - Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (a proper name, brother of Rama)

Note: Used as a vocative, though nominative singular is also lakṣmaṇa.

संनादम् (saṁnādam) - sound, roar, loud noise

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃnāda

saṁnāda - sound, roar, loud cry, concert

Derived from prefix sam- attached to root √nad (to sound)

Prefix: sam

Root: nad (class 1)

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

मदविवर्धनम् (madavivardhanam) - increasing exhilaration/intoxication/joy

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madavivardhana

madavivardhana - increasing intoxication/excitement, delightful, exhilarating

Compound of mada (intoxication/excitement) and vivardhana (increasing/enhancing)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mada+vivardhana)

• mada – intoxication, excitement, passion, joy, pride
  noun (masculine)
• vivardhana – increasing, causing to grow, exhilarating
  adjective (neuter)
  Agent noun/adjective from causative of vi-√vṛdh
  From prefix vi- attached to root √vṛdh (to grow, increase) + suffix -ana
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with saṃnādam

पुष्पिताग्रेषु (puṣpitāgreṣu) - on the tops of flowering (trees)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of puṣpitāgra

puṣpitāgra - having flowering tops, with flowering extremities

Bahuvrīhi compound: puṣpita (flowering) + agra (top)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (puṣpita+agra)

• puṣpita – flowered, blooming, having flowers
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √puṣp (to flower)
  Root: puṣp (class 1)
• agra – top, summit, front part, extremity
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with vṛkṣeṣu

वृक्षेषु (vṛkṣeṣu) - on the trees

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

द्विजानाम् (dvijānām) - of the birds (of the birds; of the twice-born)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth

Compound of dvi (twice) + ja (born)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Suffix -ja
  From root √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

उपकूजताम् (upakūjatām) - chirping, cooing

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of upakūjat

upakūjat - chirping, cooing, making a gentle sound

Present active participle

From prefix upa- attached to root √kūj (to coo, chirrup)

Prefix: upa

Root: kūj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with dvijānām

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