वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-98, verse-40

एवमुक्त्वा तु विरते रामे वचनमर्थवत् ।
उवाच भरतश्चित्रं धार्मिको धार्मिकं वचः ॥४०॥

40. evamuktvā tu virate rāme vacanamarthavat ,
uvāca bharataścitraṃ dhārmiko dhārmikaṃ vacaḥ.

40. evam uktvā tu virate rāme vacanam arthavat
uvāca bharataḥ citram dhārmikaḥ dhārmikam vacaḥ

40. evam uktvā tu rāme virate,
dhārmikaḥ bharataḥ citram dhārmikam ca vacaḥ uvāca.

40. Thus having spoken, when Rama fell silent, the righteous Bharata uttered a wonderful and righteous statement.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, after speaking

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• विरते (virate) - having ceased, having stopped, silent

• रामे (rāme) - in Rama, when Rama

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

• अर्थवत् (arthavat) - meaningful, significant, having purpose

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata

• चित्रम् (citram) - wonderful, strange, remarkable

• धार्मिकः (dhārmikaḥ) - righteous, virtuous, pious

• धार्मिकम् (dhārmikam) - righteous, virtuous

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, statement

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'uktvā'.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, after speaking

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Relates to Rama's action.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the clauses.

विरते (virate) - having ceased, having stopped, silent

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of virata

virata - ceased, stopped, refrained, desisted, silent

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ram with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Part of locative absolute with 'rāme'.

रामे (rāme) - in Rama, when Rama

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper name), pleasing, charming

Note: Part of locative absolute with 'virate'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, statement, saying, utterance

From root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Refers to Rama's speech and acts as the subject of an implied verb 'was'.

अर्थवत् (arthavat) - meaningful, significant, having purpose

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of arthavat

arthavat - meaningful, significant, purposeful, wealthy, having meaning

Suffixed with -vat (possessive)

Note: Qualifies 'vacanam'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

Third person singular, Parasmaipada, perfect tense

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Verb of speaking, with Bharata as subject.

भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (proper name), cherished, maintained

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

चित्रम् (citram) - wonderful, strange, remarkable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of citra

citra - bright, clear, varied, wonderful, strange, picture

Note: Qualifies 'vacaḥ'.

धार्मिकः (dhārmikaḥ) - righteous, virtuous, pious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārmika

dhārmika - righteous, virtuous, pious, adherent to dharma (dharma)

Derived from dharma with -ika suffix

Note: Qualifies 'bharataḥ'.

धार्मिकम् (dhārmikam) - righteous, virtuous

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhārmika

dhārmika - righteous, virtuous, pious, adherent to dharma (dharma)

Derived from dharma with -ika suffix

Note: Qualifies 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, statement, voice, utterance

From root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'uvāca'.

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