महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-81, verse-44

तमभिद्रुतमालोक्य द्रोणेनामित्रघातिना ।
हा हेति सहसा शब्दः पाण्डूनां समजायत ॥४४॥

44. tamabhidrutamālokya droṇenāmitraghātinā ,
hā heti sahasā śabdaḥ pāṇḍūnāṁ samajāyata.

44. tam abhidrutam ālokya droṇena amitra-ghātinā
hā he iti sahasā śabdaḥ pāṇḍūnām samajāyata

44. amitra-ghātinā droṇena tam abhidrutam ālokya,
pāṇḍūnām sahasā hā he iti śabdaḥ samajāyata

44. Having seen him attacked by Drona, that slayer of enemies, a sudden cry of 'Alas! Alas!' arose from the Pāṇḍavas.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - referring to the king (Yudhishthira) (him)

• अभिद्रुतम् (abhidrutam) - attacked, rushed upon, assailed

• आलोक्य (ālokya) - having seen, having perceived, having observed

• द्रोणेन (droṇena) - by Drona

• अमित्र-घातिना (amitra-ghātinā) - by the slayer of enemies

• हा (hā) - exclamation of sorrow/distress (Alas!, Oh!)

• हे (he) - exclamation of sorrow/distress (Oh!, Alas!)

• इति (iti) - marks the preceding words as an exclamation (thus, so, saying)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, instantly, by force

• शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound, cry, noise

• पाण्डूनाम् (pāṇḍūnām) - of the Pandavas

• समजायत (samajāyata) - arose, came into being, happened

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - referring to the king (Yudhishthira) (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the king (Yudhishthira).

अभिद्रुतम् (abhidrutam) - attacked, rushed upon, assailed

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhidruta

abhidruta - attacked, assailed, rushed towards

past passive participle

from root 'dru' (to run) with prefix 'abhi', past passive participle

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Describes 'tam' (him).

आलोक्य (ālokya) - having seen, having perceived, having observed

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

from root 'lok' (to see) with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) indicates an action completed before the main verb 'samajayata'.

द्रोणेन (droṇena) - by Drona

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (a famous preceptor in the Mahābhārata); a measure of capacity

Note: Agent of the past passive participle 'abhidrutam'.

अमित्र-घातिना (amitra-ghātinā) - by the slayer of enemies

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of amitraghātin

amitraghātin - slayer of enemies, enemy-destroyer

compound of 'amitra' (enemy) + 'ghātin' (slayer, killer)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (amitra+ghātin)

• amitra – enemy, foe, without friends
  noun (masculine)
• ghātin – slayer, killer, destructive
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun from root 'han' (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'droṇena'.

हा (hā) - exclamation of sorrow/distress (Alas!, Oh!)

(indeclinable)

Note: Part of the exclamation 'hā he'.

हे (he) - exclamation of sorrow/distress (Oh!, Alas!)

(indeclinable)

Note: Part of the exclamation 'hā he'.

इति (iti) - marks the preceding words as an exclamation (thus, so, saying)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates the preceding words are a quotation or exclamation.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, instantly, by force

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'samajayata'.

शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound, cry, noise

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, word, cry

Note: Subject of 'samajayata'.

पाण्डूनाम् (pāṇḍūnām) - of the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍu

pāṇḍu - Pandu (name of a king, father of the Pandavas); pale, yellowish-white

refers to the sons of Pandu, the Pandavas

Note: Indicates possession or origin of the cry.

समजायत (samajāyata) - arose, came into being, happened

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of samajan

imperfect (laṅ) middle

from root 'jan' (to be born) with prefix 'sam', in middle voice

Prefix: sam

Root: jan (class 4)