महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-81, verse-36

तदपास्य धनुश्छिन्नं द्रोणः क्षत्रियमर्दनः ।
गदां चिक्षेप सहसा धर्मपुत्राय मारिष ॥३६॥

36. tadapāsya dhanuśchinnaṁ droṇaḥ kṣatriyamardanaḥ ,
gadāṁ cikṣepa sahasā dharmaputrāya māriṣa.

36. tat apāsya dhanuḥ chinnam droṇaḥ kṣatriyamardanaḥ
gadām cikṣepa sahasā dharmaputrāya māriṣa

36. māriṣa chinnam dhanuḥ tat apāsya kṣatriyamardanaḥ
droṇaḥ sahasā gadām dharmaputrāya cikṣepa

36. Having cast aside that severed bow, Drona, the destroyer of warriors, O revered one, suddenly hurled a mace at the son of dharma (dharmaputra).

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (bow) (that, it)

• अपास्य (apāsya) - having discarded (the bow) (having thrown away, having discarded)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - the bow (that was cut) (bow)

• छिन्नम् (chinnam) - severed (bow) (cut, severed, broken)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (the subject) (Drona)

• क्षत्रियमर्दनः (kṣatriyamardanaḥ) - destroyer of warriors (an epithet for Drona) (destroyer of warriors, tormentor of Kshatriyas)

• गदाम् (gadām) - a mace (as a weapon) (mace, club)

• चिक्षेप (cikṣepa) - he hurled (the mace) (he threw, he cast)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, swiftly, forcibly)

• धर्मपुत्राय (dharmaputrāya) - to Yudhishthira, the son of dharma (Dharma, the deity) (to the son of Dharma)

• मारिष (māriṣa) - O revered one (vocative address) (O revered one, O respected one)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (bow) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to 'dhanuḥ'.

अपास्य (apāsya) - having discarded (the bow) (having thrown away, having discarded)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root 'as' (to throw) with upasarga 'apa' and suffix '-ya' (for absolutive with upasarga).

Prefix: apa

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Action performed by Drona before throwing the mace.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - the bow (that was cut) (bow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow (weapon)

Note: Object of 'apāsya'.

छिन्नम् (chinnam) - severed (bow) (cut, severed, broken)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of chinna

chinna - cut, severed, broken, divided

Past Passive Participle

From root 'chid' (to cut).

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'dhanuḥ'.

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (the subject) (Drona)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of a preceptor)

Note: Subject of 'cikṣepa'.

क्षत्रियमर्दनः (kṣatriyamardanaḥ) - destroyer of warriors (an epithet for Drona) (destroyer of warriors, tormentor of Kshatriyas)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatriyamardana

kṣatriyamardana - destroyer/crusher of Kṣatriyas (warriors)

Compound 'kṣatriya' (warrior) + 'mardana' (destroying/crushing).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kṣatriya+mardana)

• kṣatriya – a warrior, a member of the warrior caste
  noun (masculine)
• mardana – crushing, destroying, tormenting
  noun (action) / adjective (masculine)
  verbal noun
  From root 'mṛd' (to crush, to press)
  Root: mṛd (class 9)

Note: Epithet for Drona.

गदाम् (gadām) - a mace (as a weapon) (mace, club)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

Note: Object of 'cikṣepa'.

चिक्षेप (cikṣepa) - he hurled (the mace) (he threw, he cast)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of kṣip

Perfect Tense 3rd Person Singular

From root 'kṣip' (class 6) with reduplication and perfect tense ending.

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Subject is Drona.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, swiftly, forcibly)

(indeclinable)

Instrumental form of 'sahas' (force, power) used as an adverb.

Note: Modifies 'cikṣepa'.

धर्मपुत्राय (dharmaputrāya) - to Yudhishthira, the son of dharma (Dharma, the deity) (to the son of Dharma)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of dharmaputra

dharmaputra - son of dharma; an epithet for Yudhishthira

Compound 'dharma' (righteousness, the deity Dharma) + 'putra' (son).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dharma+putra)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, virtue; the deity Dharma
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Recipient of the mace.

मारिष (māriṣa) - O revered one (vocative address) (O revered one, O respected one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of māriṣa

māriṣa - revered one, respected one, noble sir

Note: A term of address.