महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-81, verse-37

तामापतन्तीं सहसा गदां दृष्ट्वा युधिष्ठिरः ।
गदामेवाग्रहीत्क्रुद्धश्चिक्षेप च परंतपः ॥३७॥

37. tāmāpatantīṁ sahasā gadāṁ dṛṣṭvā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
gadāmevāgrahītkruddhaścikṣepa ca paraṁtapaḥ.

37. tām āpatantīm sahasā gadām dṛṣṭvā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
gadām eva agrahīt kruddhaḥ cikṣepa ca paraṃtapaḥ

37. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ paraṃtapaḥ sahasā tām āpatantīm
gadām dṛṣṭvā kruddhaḥ gadām eva agrahīt ca cikṣepa

37. Having seen that mace swiftly approaching, Yudhishthira, enraged and being the tormentor of foes, seized that very mace and hurled it back.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that (mace) (that, her, it)

• आपतन्तीम् (āpatantīm) - approaching (mace) (approaching, falling, descending)

• सहसा (sahasā) - swiftly (suddenly, swiftly, forcibly)

• गदाम् (gadām) - the mace (being thrown by Drona) (mace, club)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (the mace) (having seen)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - King Yudhishthira (the subject) (Yudhishthira)

• गदाम् (gadām) - the mace (which he seized) (mace, club)

• एव (eva) - that very (mace) (indeed, certainly, only, just, precisely)

• अग्रहीत् (agrahīt) - he seized (the mace) (he seized, he grasped, he took)

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (Yudhishthira) (enraged, angry, furious)

• चिक्षेप (cikṣepa) - he hurled (it back) (he threw, he cast, he hurled)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, furthermore)

• परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - tormentor of foes (an epithet for Yudhishthira) (tormentor of foes, subjugator of enemies)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that (mace) (that, her, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to 'gadām'.

आपतन्तीम् (āpatantīm) - approaching (mace) (approaching, falling, descending)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āpatantī

āpatant - approaching, falling, descending

Present Active Participle (feminine)

From root 'pat' (to fall) with upasarga 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'gadām'.

सहसा (sahasā) - swiftly (suddenly, swiftly, forcibly)

(indeclinable)

Instrumental form of 'sahas' (force, power) used as an adverb.

Note: Modifies 'āpatantīm'.

गदाम् (gadām) - the mace (being thrown by Drona) (mace, club)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (the mace) (having seen)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root 'dṛś' (to see) with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Connects the act of seeing to the subsequent actions of Yudhishthira.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - King Yudhishthira (the subject) (Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; a name of the eldest Pandava brother

Compound 'yudhi' (in battle) + 'ṣṭhira' (firm)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'sthā' (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'agrahīt' and 'cikṣepa'.

गदाम् (gadām) - the mace (which he seized) (mace, club)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

Note: Object of 'agrahīt'.

एव (eva) - that very (mace) (indeed, certainly, only, just, precisely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes that it was the same mace.

अग्रहीत् (agrahīt) - he seized (the mace) (he seized, he grasped, he took)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect/Aorist (luṅ) of grah

Aorist 3rd Person Singular

From root 'grah' (class 9) in the Aorist tense.

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Subject is Yudhishthira.

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (Yudhishthira) (enraged, angry, furious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

From root 'krudh' (to be angry).

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Describes Yudhishthira.

चिक्षेप (cikṣepa) - he hurled (it back) (he threw, he cast, he hurled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of kṣip

Perfect Tense 3rd Person Singular

From root 'kṣip' (class 6) with reduplication and perfect tense ending.

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Subject is Yudhishthira.

च (ca) - and (and, also, furthermore)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two actions of Yudhishthira (seizing and throwing).

परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - tormentor of foes (an epithet for Yudhishthira) (tormentor of foes, subjugator of enemies)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor/scorcher of foes, subjugator of enemies

Compound 'param' (other, enemy) + 'tapa' (burning, tormenting).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (param+tapa)

• param – other, enemy, supreme
  adjective/pronoun (masculine)
• tapa – burning, tormenting, causing pain, asceticism (tapas)
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  nominal derivative (kṛt)
  From root 'tap' (to heat, to torment).
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Epithet for Yudhishthira.