महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-81, verse-2

संजय उवाच ।
अपराह्णे महाराज संग्रामे लोमहर्षणे ।
पाञ्चालानां कुरूणां च द्रोणे द्यूतमवर्तत ॥२॥

2. saṁjaya uvāca ,
aparāhṇe mahārāja saṁgrāme lomaharṣaṇe ,
pāñcālānāṁ kurūṇāṁ ca droṇe dyūtamavartata.

2. sañjaya uvāca aparāhṇe mahārāja saṅgrāme lomaharṣaṇe
pāñcālānām kurūṇām ca droṇe dyūtam avartata

2. sañjaya uvāca mahārāja aparāhṇe lomaharṣaṇe saṅgrāme
pāñcālānām ca kurūṇām droṇe dyūtam avartata

2. Sañjaya said: "O great king, in the hair-raising battle that afternoon, a fierce contest took place between the Pāñcālas and the Kurus, focused on Droṇa."

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अपराह्णे (aparāhṇe) - in the afternoon, at the latter part of the day

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

• सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in the battle, in the war

• लोमहर्षणे (lomaharṣaṇe) - hair-raising, thrilling, exciting

• पाञ्चालानाम् (pāñcālānām) - of the Pāñcālas

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

• च (ca) - and

• द्रोणे (droṇe) - against Droṇa, regarding Droṇa

• द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - a fierce contest or struggle (a game of dice, gambling, contest, struggle)

• अवर्तत (avartata) - took place, happened, existed

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, intensive/perfect form of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अपराह्णे (aparāhṇe) - in the afternoon, at the latter part of the day

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of aparāhṇa

aparāhṇa - afternoon, latter half of the day

महाराज (mahārāja) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in the battle, in the war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, war, conflict

Prefix: sam

Root: gram

लोमहर्षणे (lomaharṣaṇe) - hair-raising, thrilling, exciting

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of lomaharṣaṇa

lomaharṣaṇa - causing the hair to stand on end, thrilling, horrifying

agent noun/action noun derived from root

Derived from loman (hair) and harṣaṇa (causing thrill)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loman+harṣaṇa)

• loman – hair, fur
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – causing thrill/excitement, stimulating
  adjective (neuter)
  agent noun/action noun
  Derived from root hṛṣ (to thrill, be excited)
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'saṅgrāme'.

पाञ्चालानाम् (pāñcālānām) - of the Pāñcālas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - the Pāñcālas (people of the Pañcāla kingdom)

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - the Kurus (descendants of Kuru)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

द्रोणे (droṇe) - against Droṇa, regarding Droṇa

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a preceptor and warrior)

द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - a fierce contest or struggle (a game of dice, gambling, contest, struggle)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - game of dice, gambling, contest, sport

Root: div (class 4)

अवर्तत (avartata) - took place, happened, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (luṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect Middle

3rd person singular, root vṛt (to be, exist), augmented by 'a' for past tense, middle voice

Root: vṛt (class 1)