महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-81, verse-23

अथैनं छिन्नधन्वानं त्वरमाणो महारथः ।
शरैरनेकसाहस्रैः पुरयामास सर्वतः ॥२३॥

23. athainaṁ chinnadhanvānaṁ tvaramāṇo mahārathaḥ ,
śarairanekasāhasraiḥ purayāmāsa sarvataḥ.

23. atha enam chinnadhanvānam tvaramāṇaḥ mahārathaḥ
śaraiḥ anekasāhasraiḥ purayāmāsa sarvataḥ

23. atha tvaramāṇaḥ mahārathaḥ enam chinnadhanvānam
anekasāhasraiḥ śaraiḥ sarvataḥ purayāmāsa

23. Then the great warrior (mahāratha) Drona, hurrying swiftly, assailed Yudhishthira, whose bow had been cut, with thousands of arrows from all sides.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon

• एनम् (enam) - Yudhishthira (him, this)

• छिन्नधन्वानम् (chinnadhanvānam) - Yudhishthira, whose bow Drona had just cut (him whose bow was cut/broken)

• त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - Drona, moving swiftly (hurrying, moving swiftly)

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - Drona, the great warrior (mahāratha) (great warrior, one with a great chariot)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• अनेकसाहस्रैः (anekasāhasraiḥ) - with many thousands, with thousands of

• पुरयामास (purayāmāsa) - Drona covered Yudhishthira with arrows (he filled, he covered, he assailed)

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere, completely

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - Yudhishthira (him, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, he, she, it (often used as anaphoric pronoun)

छिन्नधन्वानम् (chinnadhanvānam) - Yudhishthira, whose bow Drona had just cut (him whose bow was cut/broken)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of chinnadhanvan

chinnadhanvan - one whose bow is broken or cut

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (chinna+dhanvan)

• chinna – cut, broken, severed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √chid (to cut).
  Root: chid (class 7)
• dhanvan – bow
  noun (neuter)

त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - Drona, moving swiftly (hurrying, moving swiftly)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvaramāṇa

tvaramāṇa - hurrying, hastening, moving swiftly

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from the root √tvar (to hurry, hasten).

Root: tvar (class 1)

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - Drona, the great warrior (mahāratha) (great warrior, one with a great chariot)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, one who can fight ten thousand warriors from a single chariot

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ratha)

• mahat – great, large, vast, noble
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, vehicle; a warrior (from his chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Root: śṛ (class 1)

अनेकसाहस्रैः (anekasāhasraiḥ) - with many thousands, with thousands of

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anekasāhasra

anekasāhasra - consisting of many thousands

Compound type : karmadhāraya (aneka+sāhasra)

• aneka – many, not one, various
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: a
• sāhasra – consisting of a thousand, thousand-fold
  adjective (masculine)

पुरयामास (purayāmāsa) - Drona covered Yudhishthira with arrows (he filled, he covered, he assailed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √pṛ (causative)

Perfect Active Causative

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice, causative stem (puraya-).

Root: pṛ (class 9)

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere, completely

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas added to 'sarva' (all), forming an adverb.