महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-81, verse-43

मुञ्चन्निषुगणांस्तीक्ष्णाँल्लघुहस्तो दृढव्रतः ।
अभिदुद्राव राजानं सिंहो मृगमिवोल्बणः ॥४३॥

43. muñcanniṣugaṇāṁstīkṣṇāँllaghuhasto dṛḍhavrataḥ ,
abhidudrāva rājānaṁ siṁho mṛgamivolbaṇaḥ.

43. muñcan iṣu-gaṇān tīkṣṇān laghu-hastaḥ dṛḍha-vrataḥ
abhidudrāva rājānam siṃhaḥ mṛgam iva ulbaṇaḥ

43. laghu-hastaḥ dṛḍha-vrataḥ tīkṣṇān iṣu-gaṇān muñcan rājānam abhidudrāva,
ulbaṇaḥ siṃhaḥ mṛgam iva

43. Swift-handed and resolute, releasing sharp volleys of arrows, he rushed towards the king, just as a mighty lion [rushes] upon a deer.

Words meanings summery:

• मुञ्चन् (muñcan) - releasing, discharging, casting

• इषु-गणान् (iṣu-gaṇān) - multitudes of arrows, volleys of arrows

• तीक्ष्णान् (tīkṣṇān) - sharp, keen, fierce

• लघु-हस्तः (laghu-hastaḥ) - swift-handed, dexterous

• दृढ-व्रतः (dṛḍha-vrataḥ) - firm in vow, resolute, steadfast in purpose

• अभिदुद्राव (abhidudrāva) - rushed towards, ran at

• राजानम् (rājānam) - the king

• सिंहः (siṁhaḥ) - a lion

• मृगम् (mṛgam) - a deer, an animal

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• उल्बणः (ulbaṇaḥ) - mighty, fierce, terrible

Words meanings and morphology

मुञ्चन् (muñcan) - releasing, discharging, casting

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muc

muc - to release, let go, abandon, discharge

present active participle

from root 'muc' (to release), present active participle in nominative singular masculine

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Describes Drona's action simultaneously with rushing.

इषु-गणान् (iṣu-gaṇān) - multitudes of arrows, volleys of arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of iṣugaṇa

iṣugaṇa - multitude of arrows, shower of arrows

compound of 'iṣu' (arrow) + 'gaṇa' (multitude, host)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (iṣu+gaṇa)

• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – multitude, host, group
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'muñcan'.

तीक्ष्णान् (tīkṣṇān) - sharp, keen, fierce

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, pungent, fierce

Note: Modifies 'iṣu-gaṇān'.

लघु-हस्तः (laghu-hastaḥ) - swift-handed, dexterous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of laghuhasta

laghuhasta - swift-handed, quick at work, skillful

compound of 'laghu' (light, quick) + 'hasta' (hand)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (laghu+hasta)

• laghu – light, swift, quick
  adjective (masculine)
• hasta – hand, trunk (of elephant)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes Drona.

दृढ-व्रतः (dṛḍha-vrataḥ) - firm in vow, resolute, steadfast in purpose

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛḍhavrata

dṛḍhavrata - firm in vow, resolute, steadfast

compound of 'dṛḍha' (firm, strong) + 'vrata' (vow, resolution)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dṛḍha+vrata)

• dṛḍha – firm, strong, steadfast
  adjective (masculine)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes Drona.

अभिदुद्राव (abhidudrāva) - rushed towards, ran at

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of abhidru

perfect (liṭ) active

from root 'dru' (to run) with prefix 'abhi'

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

राजानम् (rājānam) - the king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: Object of 'abhidudrāva'.

सिंहः (siṁhaḥ) - a lion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of siṃha

siṁha - lion

Note: Part of the simile, the subject compared to Drona.

मृगम् (mṛgam) - a deer, an animal

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛga

mṛga - deer, wild animal, game

Note: Object of the implicit verb of rushing for the lion.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for comparison.

उल्बणः (ulbaṇaḥ) - mighty, fierce, terrible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ulbaṇa

ulbaṇa - mighty, fierce, terrible, excessive

Note: Modifies 'siṃhaḥ'.