महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-81, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
अर्जुने सैन्धवं प्राप्ते भारद्वाजेन संवृताः ।
पाञ्चालाः कुरुभिः सार्धं किमकुर्वत संजय ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
arjune saindhavaṁ prāpte bhāradvājena saṁvṛtāḥ ,
pāñcālāḥ kurubhiḥ sārdhaṁ kimakurvata saṁjaya.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca arjune saindhavam prāpte bhāradvājena
saṁvṛtāḥ pāñcālāḥ kurubhiḥ sārdham kim akurvata sañjaya

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca: sañjaya,
arjune saindhavam prāpte,
bhāradvājena kurubhiḥ sārdham saṁvṛtāḥ pāñcālāḥ kim akurvata?

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: "O Sañjaya, when Arjuna reached Saindhava (Jayadratha), what did the Pāñcālas do, being surrounded by Bhāradvāja (Droṇa) and the Kurus?"

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - the blind king Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• अर्जुने (arjune) - in Arjuna, when Arjuna

• सैन्धवम् (saindhavam) - to Jayadratha, king of Sindhu (to Saindhava, to the Sindhu region)

• प्राप्ते (prāpte) - having reached, arrived

• भारद्वाजेन (bhāradvājena) - by Droṇa, the preceptor (by Bhāradvāja (Droṇa))

• संवृताः (saṁvṛtāḥ) - surrounded, covered, protected

• पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - the Pāñcālas (people of the Pañcāla kingdom)

• कुरुभिः (kurubhiḥ) - by the Kurus

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - along with, together with

• किम् (kim) - what?

• अकुर्वत (akurvata) - they did, they performed

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sañjaya

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - the blind king Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind king of the Kurus), one who holds the kingdom

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, supported
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ (to hold, support) + suffix -ta
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect

Third person singular Perfect (liṭ) of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अर्जुने (arjune) - in Arjuna, when Arjuna

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (a celebrated hero, son of Pāṇḍu and Kuntī), white, clear

Root: ṛj (class 1)

Note: Subject of locative absolute construction.

सैन्धवम् (saindhavam) - to Jayadratha, king of Sindhu (to Saindhava, to the Sindhu region)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saindhava

saindhava - belonging to Sindhu, king of Sindhu (Jayadratha)

From sindhu (river Sindhu, name of a country) + aṇ suffix

Note: Object of prāpte.

प्राप्ते (prāpte) - having reached, arrived

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - reached, attained, arrived

Past Passive Participle

From root āp (to obtain, reach) with prefix pra-, and suffix -ta

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

भारद्वाजेन (bhāradvājena) - by Droṇa, the preceptor (by Bhāradvāja (Droṇa))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhāradvāja

bhāradvāja - descendant of Bhāradvāja, i.e., Droṇa (the preceptor)

From bharadvāja (a sage) + aṇ suffix

Note: Agent of saṁvṛtāḥ.

संवृताः (saṁvṛtāḥ) - surrounded, covered, protected

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṁvṛta

saṁvṛta - covered, enveloped, surrounded

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛ (to cover, enclose) with prefix sam-, and suffix -ta

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛ (class 5)

पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - the Pāñcālas (people of the Pañcāla kingdom)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - a native or king of Pañcāla, the Pañcāla country

Note: Subject of akurvata.

कुरुभिः (kurubhiḥ) - by the Kurus

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - a Kuru (member of the Kuru dynasty)

Note: Co-agent with bhāradvājena of saṁvṛtāḥ.

सार्धम् (sārdham) - along with, together with

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, why?

अकुर्वत (akurvata) - they did, they performed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect

Third person plural Imperfect (laṅ) of root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and reporter)

Root: ji (class 1)