महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-81, verse-42

विरथं तं समालोक्य व्यायुधं च विशेषतः ।
द्रोणो व्यमोहयच्छत्रून्सर्वसैन्यानि चाभिभो ॥४२॥

42. virathaṁ taṁ samālokya vyāyudhaṁ ca viśeṣataḥ ,
droṇo vyamohayacchatrūnsarvasainyāni cābhibho.

42. viratham tam samālokya vi-āyudham ca viśeṣataḥ
droṇaḥ vyamohayat śatrūn sarva-sainyāni ca abhibho

42. abhibho tam viratham ca vi-āyudham viśeṣataḥ
samālokya droṇaḥ śatrūn ca sarva-sainyāni vyamohayat

42. O lord, having seen him, especially without a chariot and without weapons, Drona bewildered the enemies and all their armies.

Words meanings summery:

• विरथम् (viratham) - chariot-less, without a chariot

• तम् (tam) - him

• समालोक्य (samālokya) - having seen, having observed

• वि-आयुधम् (vi-āyudham) - weapon-less, without weapons

• च (ca) - and

• विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

• व्यमोहयत् (vyamohayat) - bewildered, confused

• शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies

• सर्व-सैन्यानि (sarva-sainyāni) - all armies, all forces

• च (ca) - and

• अभिभो (abhibho) - O lord, O master

Words meanings and morphology

विरथम् (viratham) - chariot-less, without a chariot

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - without a chariot, chariot-less

compound of vi (without) + ratha (chariot)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, apart, away
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot, car, vehicle
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes 'tam' (him).

तम् (tam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

समालोक्य (samālokya) - having seen, having observed

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund) with 'sam'

from root 'lok' (to see) with prefix 'ā' and 'sam'

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) indicates an action completed before the main verb.

वि-आयुधम् (vi-āyudham) - weapon-less, without weapons

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyāyudha

vyāyudha - weaponless, unarmed

compound of 'vi' (without) + 'āyudha' (weapon)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+āyudha)

• vi – without, apart, away
  indeclinable
• āyudha – weapon, implement
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes 'tam' (him).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly

(indeclinable)

formed from 'viśeṣa' (distinction, particularity) with suffix 'tas'

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (a famous preceptor in the Mahābhārata); a measure of capacity

Note: The subject of the sentence.

व्यमोहयत् (vyamohayat) - bewildered, confused

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vimohaya

causative

from root 'muh' (to be bewildered) with prefix 'vi', in causative (णिच्)

Prefix: vi

Root: muh (class 4)

शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, adversary

Note: Object of 'vyamohayat'.

सर्व-सैन्यानि (sarva-sainyāni) - all armies, all forces

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sarvasainya

sarvasainya - all armies, the entire army

compound of 'sarva' (all) + 'sainya' (army)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+sainya)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• sainya – army, host, military
  noun (neuter)
  derived from 'senā' (army)

Note: Object of 'vyamohayat'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अभिभो (abhibho) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of abhibhu

abhibhu - lord, master, conqueror, mighty one

from prefix 'abhi' + root 'bhū' (to be, become, overpower)

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Addressed to the listener (e.g., Dhṛtarāṣṭra by Sañjaya).