महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-10, verse-49

प्राप्तः प्रकृतितो धर्मो नाधर्मो मानवान्प्रति ।
क्रूरः सर्वविनाशाय कालः समतिवर्तते ॥४९॥

49. prāptaḥ prakṛtito dharmo nādharmo mānavānprati ,
krūraḥ sarvavināśāya kālaḥ samativartate.

49. prāptaḥ prakṛtitaḥ dharmaḥ na adharmaḥ mānavān
prati krūraḥ sarvavināśāya kālaḥ sam ati vartate

49. mānavān prati prakṛtitaḥ dharmaḥ prāptaḥ,
adharmaḥ na (prāptaḥ).
krūraḥ kālaḥ sarvavināśāya sam ativartate.

49. For human beings, natural law (dharma) is obtained from their intrinsic nature (prakṛti), not unrighteousness (adharma). Cruel time (kāla), bringing about the destruction of all, passes on.

Words meanings summery:

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - obtained (obtained, achieved, reached)

• प्रकृतितः (prakṛtitaḥ) - from intrinsic nature (prakṛti) (from nature, from intrinsic nature)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness (adharma) (unrighteousness, injustice, impiety)

• मानवान् (mānavān) - human beings

• प्रति (prati) - for (or regarding) (towards, against, for, regarding)

• क्रूरः (krūraḥ) - cruel (cruel, fierce, severe)

• सर्वविनाशाय (sarvavināśāya) - for the destruction of all (for the destruction of all, for universal destruction)

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time (kāla) (time, death, destiny)

• सम् (sam) - (intensifier for passing) (completely, well, together)

• अति (ati) - (adds 'over' or 'by' to the action of passing) (over, beyond, excessively)

• वर्तते (vartate) - passes on (exists, turns, proceeds, passes)

Words meanings and morphology

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - obtained (obtained, achieved, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, acquired

Past Passive Participle

From pra-āp + kta (P.P.P.)

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

प्रकृतितः (prakṛtitaḥ) - from intrinsic nature (prakṛti) (from nature, from intrinsic nature)

(indeclinable)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Formed from prakṛti with the ablative suffix -tas, functioning adverbially.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue

From dhṛ + man

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness (adharma) (unrighteousness, injustice, impiety)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, violation of natural law

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of dharma

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+dharma)

• na – not
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

मानवान् (mānavān) - human beings

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mānava

mānava - human, pertaining to humans, a human being

From manas + aṇ (descendant of Manu, hence human)

Root: man (class 4)

प्रति (prati) - for (or regarding) (towards, against, for, regarding)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/prefix

Note: Functions as a postposition with the accusative mānavān.

क्रूरः (krūraḥ) - cruel (cruel, fierce, severe)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krūra

krūra - cruel, fierce, severe, harsh

From krū

Root: krū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with kālaḥ.

सर्वविनाशाय (sarvavināśāya) - for the destruction of all (for the destruction of all, for universal destruction)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of sarvavināśa

sarvavināśa - universal destruction, destruction of everything

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+vināśa)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• vināśa – destruction, ruin, loss
  noun (masculine)
  From vi-naś + ghañ
  Prefix: vi
  Root: naś (class 4)

कालः (kālaḥ) - time (kāla) (time, death, destiny)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, death, black, season, destiny

Root: kal (class 10)

सम् (sam) - (intensifier for passing) (completely, well, together)

(indeclinable)

Upasarga (prefix)

Note: Upasarga.

अति (ati) - (adds 'over' or 'by' to the action of passing) (over, beyond, excessively)

(indeclinable)

Upasarga (prefix)

Note: Upasarga.

वर्तते (vartate) - passes on (exists, turns, proceeds, passes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Present Active

Middle voice, 3rd person singular, present tense

Prefixes: sam+ati

Root: vṛt (class 1)