महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-7, chapter-10, verse-23
तच्च मर्षितवाञ्शक्रो जानंस्तस्य पराक्रमम् ।
राज्ञां चाप्यजितं कंचित्कृष्णेनेह न शुश्रुम ॥२३॥
राज्ञां चाप्यजितं कंचित्कृष्णेनेह न शुश्रुम ॥२३॥
23. tacca marṣitavāñśakro jānaṁstasya parākramam ,
rājñāṁ cāpyajitaṁ kaṁcitkṛṣṇeneha na śuśruma.
rājñāṁ cāpyajitaṁ kaṁcitkṛṣṇeneha na śuśruma.
23.
tat ca marṣitavān śakraḥ jānan tasya parākramam
rājñām ca api ajitam kaṃcit kṛṣṇena iha na śuśruma
rājñām ca api ajitam kaṃcit kṛṣṇena iha na śuśruma
23.
śakraḥ tasya parākramam jānan tat ca marṣitavān
iha kṛṣṇena ajitam kaṃcit rājñām ca api na śuśruma
iha kṛṣṇena ajitam kaṃcit rājñām ca api na śuśruma
23.
And Śakra (Indra) tolerated that act, knowing his (Krishna's) prowess. Indeed, we have not heard of any king in this world who was not conquered by Krishna.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तत् (tat) - that (act of taking Pārijāta) (that, that act)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- मर्षितवान् (marṣitavān) - he tolerated (he tolerated, he endured)
- शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Śakra (Indra) (Śakra, Indra)
- जानन् (jānan) - knowing (knowing, aware)
- तस्य (tasya) - his (Krishna's) (his, of him)
- पराक्रमम् (parākramam) - prowess, valor (prowess, valor, might, exertion)
- राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings (of kings, among kings)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- अपि (api) - indeed, even (even, also, too)
- अजितम् (ajitam) - unconquered (unconquered, invincible)
- कंचित् (kaṁcit) - any (king) (any, someone, certain)
- कृष्णेन (kṛṣṇena) - by Krishna
- इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world)
- न (na) - not (not, no)
- शुश्रुम (śuśruma) - we have heard (we heard, we have heard)
Words meanings and morphology
तत् (tat) - that (act of taking Pārijāta) (that, that act)
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Object of marṣitavān.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
मर्षितवान् (marṣitavān) - he tolerated (he tolerated, he endured)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of marṣitavat
marṣitavat - one who has tolerated/endured
Past Active Participle
From root mṛṣ (to bear, tolerate) + ktavat(u) suffix.
Root: mṛṣ (class 1)
Note: Subject is Śakraḥ.
शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Śakra (Indra) (Śakra, Indra)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śakra
śakra - powerful, strong; a name of Indra
From root śak (to be able).
Root: śak (class 5)
Note: Subject of marṣitavān.
जानन् (jānan) - knowing (knowing, aware)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of jānat
jānat - knowing, understanding, wise
Present Active Participle
From root jñā (to know) + śatṛ suffix.
Root: jñā (class 9)
तस्य (tasya) - his (Krishna's) (his, of him)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Possessive, modifies parākramam.
पराक्रमम् (parākramam) - prowess, valor (prowess, valor, might, exertion)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of parākrama
parākrama - prowess, valor, might, exertion, courage
From prefix parā + root kram (to step, go).
Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (parā+krama)
- parā – away, back, beyond
indeclinable - krama – step, stride, order, course
noun (masculine)
From root kram (to step).
Root: kram (class 1)
राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings (of kings, among kings)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan
rājan - king, ruler
Root: rāj (class 1)
Note: Part of the phrase 'any king among kings'.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
अपि (api) - indeed, even (even, also, too)
(indeclinable)
अजितम् (ajitam) - unconquered (unconquered, invincible)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of ajita
ajita - unconquered, unsubdued, invincible; a name of Vishnu/Krishna
Past Passive Participle
Compound of a (not) and jita (conquered).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jita)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable - jita – conquered, subdued, won
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root ji (to conquer).
Root: ji (class 1)
Note: Agreement with kaṃcit (implied).
कंचित् (kaṁcit) - any (king) (any, someone, certain)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of kaṃcid
kaṁcid - any, some, a certain, someone
kaṃ (from kim) + cid.
Note: Object of na śuśruma (implied with rājñām).
कृष्णेन (kṛṣṇena) - by Krishna
(proper noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa
kṛṣṇa - Krishna, dark, black; name of a deity
Root: kṛṣ (class 1)
Note: Agent of ajitam (unconquered by Krishna).
इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world)
(indeclinable)
Note: Adverb of place.
न (na) - not (not, no)
(indeclinable)
Note: Modifies śuśruma.
शुश्रुम (śuśruma) - we have heard (we heard, we have heard)
(verb)
1st person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of śru
perfect (liṭ)
1st person plural, perfect tense, active voice. Reduplicated form from śru.
Root: śru (class 5)
Note: The speaker (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) is referring to himself and his companions/court.