महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-99, verse-7

शिखण्डी तं च विव्याध भरतानां पितामहम् ।
स्त्रीमयं मनसा ध्यात्वा नास्मै प्राहरदच्युतः ॥७॥

7. śikhaṇḍī taṁ ca vivyādha bharatānāṁ pitāmaham ,
strīmayaṁ manasā dhyātvā nāsmai prāharadacyutaḥ.

7. śikhaṇḍī taṃ ca vivyādha bharatānāṃ pitāmaham
strīmayam manasā dhyātvā na asmai prāharat acyutaḥ

7. ca śikhaṇḍī bharatānāṃ pitāmaham taṃ vivyādha
acyutaḥ manasā strīmayam dhyātvā asmai na prāharat

7. Shikhandi struck the grandfather of the Bharatas. However, Bhishma (acyuta), reflecting in his mind on Shikhandi's female nature (strīmaya), did not retaliate against him.

Words meanings summery:

• शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) - Shikhandi

• तम् (tam) - Bhishma (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck

• भरतानाम् (bharatānām) - of the Bharatas, of the descendants of Bharata

• पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - Bhishma (grandfather of both Pandavas and Kauravas) (grandfather)

• स्त्रीमयम् (strīmayam) - Shikhandi's female origin/nature, as perceived by Bhishma. (consisting of woman, female-like, having a female nature)

• मनसा (manasā) - by the mind, mentally

• ध्यात्वा (dhyātvā) - having meditated, having thought, having considered

• न (na) - not

• अस्मै (asmai) - to Shikhandi (to him, for him)

• प्राहरत् (prāharat) - attacked or retaliated (with a weapon) (struck, attacked)

• अच्युतः (acyutaḥ) - Bhishma, firm in his vow not to fight women. (infallible, unyielding, firm, not fallen)

Words meanings and morphology

शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) - Shikhandi

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Shikhandi (a prince of Pañcāla, instrumental in Bhishma's fall)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

तम् (tam) - Bhishma (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'vivyādha'.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects ideas or adds emphasis.

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vyadh

Perfect Tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

भरतानाम् (bharatānām) - of the Bharatas, of the descendants of Bharata

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bharata

bharata - a descendant of Bharata, a member of the Bharata clan

Root: bhr̥ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'pitāmaham'.

पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - Bhishma (grandfather of both Pandavas and Kauravas) (grandfather)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather

Note: Object of 'vivyādha', in apposition to 'tam'.

स्त्रीमयम् (strīmayam) - Shikhandi's female origin/nature, as perceived by Bhishma. (consisting of woman, female-like, having a female nature)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of strīmaya

strīmaya - consisting of woman, made of woman, relating to a woman, having a female nature

From strī (woman) + maya (made of, consisting of).

Compound type : tatpurusha (strī+maya)

• strī – woman, female
  noun (feminine)
• maya – made of, consisting of, full of
  suffix/adjective
  Suffix indicating material or nature.

Note: Object of mental contemplation ('dhyātvā').

मनसा (manasā) - by the mind, mentally

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, spirit

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Instrument of the action 'dhyātvā'.

ध्यात्वा (dhyātvā) - having meditated, having thought, having considered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root dhyāi (to think, meditate) with -tvā suffix.

Root: dhyāi (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb 'prāharat'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'prāharat'.

अस्मै (asmai) - to Shikhandi (to him, for him)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Shikhandi.

प्राहरत् (prāharat) - attacked or retaliated (with a weapon) (struck, attacked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pra-hr̥

Imperfect Tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of the root hr̥ (to carry, seize) with upasarga pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: hr̥ (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the second clause.

अच्युतः (acyutaḥ) - Bhishma, firm in his vow not to fight women. (infallible, unyielding, firm, not fallen)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of acyuta

acyuta - unfallen, firm, imperishable, unyielding (often an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna, here refers to Bhishma's steadfastness)

Past Passive Participle (negative)

From a- (negative prefix) + cyuta (fallen, moved, from root cyu).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cyuta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• cyuta – fallen, moved, deviated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root cyu (to fall, to move).
  Root: cyu (class 1)

Note: Subject of the second clause, referring to Bhishma.