महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-99, verse-26

विशीर्णैर्विप्रधावन्तो दृश्यन्ते स्म दिशो दश ।
नगमेघप्रतीकाशैर्जलदोदयनिस्वनैः ॥२६॥

26. viśīrṇairvipradhāvanto dṛśyante sma diśo daśa ,
nagameghapratīkāśairjaladodayanisvanaiḥ.

26. viśīrṇaiḥ vipradhāvantaḥ dṛśyante sma diśaḥ
daśa nagameghapratīkāśaiḥ jaladodayanisvanaiḥ

26. vipradhāvantaḥ viśīrṇaiḥ nagameghapratīkāśaiḥ
jaladodayanisvanaiḥ daśa diśaḥ dṛśyante sma

26. They were seen, shattered and fleeing in all ten directions, resembling mountains and clouds, with sounds like the rumble of rising thunder.

Words meanings summery:

• विशीर्णैः (viśīrṇaiḥ) - by the shattered, by the dispersed, by the broken

• विप्रधावन्तः (vipradhāvantaḥ) - running in all directions, fleeing, dispersing

• दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - they are seen

• स्म (sma) - an particle indicating past tense when used with present tense verb

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions

• दश (daśa) - ten

• नगमेघप्रतीकाशैः (nagameghapratīkāśaiḥ) - resembling mountains and clouds

• जलदोदयनिस्वनैः (jaladodayanisvanaiḥ) - with the sounds of rising clouds (thunder)

Words meanings and morphology

विशीर्णैः (viśīrṇaiḥ) - by the shattered, by the dispersed, by the broken

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of viśīrṇa

viśīrṇa - shattered, broken, dispersed, crumbled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from śīrṇa (past passive participle of śṝ 'to crush, break') with prefix vi- 'apart, asunder'.

Prefix: vi

Root: śṝ (class 9)

Note: Modifies the implied subjects (e.g., elephants or warriors).

विप्रधावन्तः (vipradhāvantaḥ) - running in all directions, fleeing, dispersing

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vipradhāvant

vipradhāvant - fleeing, running about, dispersing

Present Active Participle

Derived from dhāvati (root dhāv 'to run') with prefixes vi- and pra-.

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb 'dṛśyante sma', referring to the fleeing warriors/elephants.

दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - they are seen

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present tense, Passive voice

Form of dṛś in passive voice, present tense, 3rd person plural.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

स्म (sma) - an particle indicating past tense when used with present tense verb

(indeclinable)

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

Root: diś

Note: In 'daśa diśaḥ', diśaḥ functions as an accusative of extent or direction, often understood as locative in meaning.

दश (daśa) - ten

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adjectivally with diśaḥ.

नगमेघप्रतीकाशैः (nagameghapratīkāśaiḥ) - resembling mountains and clouds

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nagameghapratīkāśa

nagameghapratīkāśa - resembling mountains and clouds

Compound formed from naga (mountain), megha (cloud), and pratīkāśa (resemblance).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (naga+megha+pratīkāśa)

• naga – mountain, tree (that which does not move)
  noun (masculine)
  From 'na' (not) and 'ga' (moving).
• megha – cloud
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'mih' (to spray, moisten).
  Root: mih
• pratīkāśa – resemblance, likeness, appearance, like, similar to
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: prati

Note: Adjectival usage, modifying the implied subjects (e.g., elephants or warriors).

जलदोदयनिस्वनैः (jaladodayanisvanaiḥ) - with the sounds of rising clouds (thunder)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jaladodayanisvana

jaladodayanisvana - sound of rising clouds, thunderous roar

Tatpuruṣa compound: jalada (cloud) + udaya (rising/appearance) = jaladodaya (rising of clouds); then jaladodaya + nisvana (sound) = jaladodayanisvana (sound of rising clouds).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jalada+udaya+nisvana)

• jalada – cloud (giver of water)
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: jala (water) + da (giving, from root dA).
• udaya – rising, appearance, emergence, dawn
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'ud'.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)
• nisvana – sound, roar, noise, bellow
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'svan' (to sound) with prefix 'ni'.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied subjects (e.g., elephants or warriors), describing the sound they made.