महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-99, verse-38

अपोवाह रणे भीरून्कश्मलेनाभिसंवृतान् ।
यथा वैतरणी प्रेतान्प्रेतराजपुरं प्रति ॥३८॥

38. apovāha raṇe bhīrūnkaśmalenābhisaṁvṛtān ,
yathā vaitaraṇī pretānpretarājapuraṁ prati.

38. apovāha raṇe bhīrūn kaśmalena abhisaṃvṛtān
yathā vaitaraṇī pretān pretarājapuram prati

38. raṇe kaśmalena abhisaṃvṛtān bhīrūn apovāha
yathā vaitaraṇī pretān pretarājapuram prati

38. In battle, it swept away the fearful ones, who were completely overwhelmed by distress, just as the Vaitaraṇī river carries the departed spirits towards the city of Yama, the lord of the dead.

Words meanings summery:

• अपोवाह (apovāha) - carried away, swept away

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• भीरून् (bhīrūn) - the fearful ones, cowards

• कश्मलेन (kaśmalena) - by distress, by bewilderment, by fainting

• अभिसंवृतान् (abhisaṁvṛtān) - overwhelmed by distress (completely covered, overwhelmed, surrounded)

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as

• वैतरणी (vaitaraṇī) - Vaitaraṇī (the river of the dead)

• प्रेतान् (pretān) - the dead, departed spirits

• प्रेतराजपुरम् (pretarājapuram) - the city of Yama (city of the lord of the dead)

• प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, to, against)

Words meanings and morphology

अपोवाह (apovāha) - carried away, swept away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of apovāha

Perfect Tense

From prefix `apa-` + root `vah` (to carry). Perfect 3rd person singular.

Prefix: apa

Root: vah (class 1)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

भीरून् (bhīrūn) - the fearful ones, cowards

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhīru

bhīru - fearful, timid, coward

कश्मलेन (kaśmalena) - by distress, by bewilderment, by fainting

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kaśmala

kaśmala - distress, bewilderment, fainting, stupor

अभिसंवृतान् (abhisaṁvṛtān) - overwhelmed by distress (completely covered, overwhelmed, surrounded)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of abhisaṃvṛta

abhisaṁvṛta - covered, surrounded, overwhelmed

Past Passive Participle

From prefixes `abhi-` + `sam-` + root `vṛ` (to cover).

Prefixes: abhi+sam

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'bhīrūn'.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as

(indeclinable)

वैतरणी (vaitaraṇī) - Vaitaraṇī (the river of the dead)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vaitaraṇī

vaitaraṇī - the mythical river that separates the earthly world from the world of Yama; a cow given as a gift at death to help cross this river

प्रेतान् (pretān) - the dead, departed spirits

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of preta

preta - dead, deceased, departed spirit

Past Passive Participle

From prefix `pra-` + root `i` (to go).

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

प्रेतराजपुरम् (pretarājapuram) - the city of Yama (city of the lord of the dead)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pretarājapura

pretarājapura - city of the lord of the dead

Compound type : tatpurusha (preta+rāja+pura)

• preta – dead, departed spirit
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix `pra-` + root `i` (to go).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: i (class 2)
• rāja – king, ruler, lord
  noun (masculine)
• pura – city, town, fortress
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used with 'prati' to indicate direction.

प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, to, against)

(indeclinable)