महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-99, verse-29

अश्वारोहान्हतैरश्वैर्गृहीतासीन्समन्ततः ।
द्रवमाणानपश्याम द्राव्यमाणांश्च संयुगे ॥२९॥

29. aśvārohānhatairaśvairgṛhītāsīnsamantataḥ ,
dravamāṇānapaśyāma drāvyamāṇāṁśca saṁyuge.

29. aśvārohān hataiḥ aśvaiḥ gṛhītāsīn samantataḥ
dravamāṇān apaśyāma drāvyamāṇān ca saṃyuge

29. saṃyuge samantataḥ hataiḥ aśvaiḥ gṛhītāsīn
aśvārohān dravamāṇān ca drāvyamāṇān apaśyāma

29. We saw horse-riders, whose horses had been slain, holding their swords everywhere, some fleeing and others being driven (chased) in the battle.

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वारोहान् (aśvārohān) - horse-riders

• हतैः (hataiḥ) - by the slain, by the killed

• अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - by horses

• गृहीतासीन् (gṛhītāsīn) - holding swords, with swords grasped

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, all around, everywhere

• द्रवमाणान् (dravamāṇān) - fleeing, running

• अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we saw

• द्राव्यमाणान् (drāvyamāṇān) - being made to flee, being chased, being driven

• च (ca) - and

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in conflict

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वारोहान् (aśvārohān) - horse-riders

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśvāroha

aśvāroha - horse-rider, cavalryman

Compound: aśva (horse) + āroha (rider).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aśva+āroha)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• āroha – rider, mounting, ascending
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ruh' (to ascend) with prefix 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Object of apaśyāma.

हतैः (hataiḥ) - by the slain, by the killed

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hata

hata - slain, killed, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies aśvaiḥ.

अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - by horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

Note: hataiḥ aśvaiḥ acts as an instrumental describing the state of the horse-riders (whose horses were slain).

गृहीतासीन् (gṛhītāsīn) - holding swords, with swords grasped

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gṛhītāsi

gṛhītāsi - one who has grasped a sword, sword in hand

Bahuvrīhi compound: gṛhīta (grasped) + asi (sword). 'One by whom a sword has been grasped'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gṛhīta+asi)

• gṛhīta – grasped, held, taken
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'grah' (to seize, take).
  Root: grah (class 9)
• asi – sword, scimitar
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies aśvārohān.

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, all around, everywhere

(indeclinable)

From samanta (surrounding) + suffix -tas (from).

Note: Adverbial.

द्रवमाणान् (dravamāṇān) - fleeing, running

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dravamāṇa

dravamāṇa - running, fleeing, melting away

Present Middle Participle

From root 'dru' (to run, flow).

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Modifies aśvārohān.

अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we saw

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of paś

Imperfect tense

Root dṛś, modified to paśya in present/imperfect stem. Here, apaśyāma is 1st person plural imperfect.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

द्राव्यमाणान् (drāvyamāṇān) - being made to flee, being chased, being driven

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of drāvyamāṇa

drāvyamāṇa - being made to run, being put to flight, being chased, being driven

Present Causative Passive Participle

Derived from causative of root 'dru' (to run) drāvayati, then passive participle drāvyamāṇa.

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Modifies aśvārohān.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, combat, conflict, union

From sam-yuj (to join together).

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Specifies the location.