महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-99, verse-37

तां नदीं क्षत्रियाः शूरा हयनागरथप्लवैः ।
प्रतेरुर्बहवो राजन्भयं त्यक्त्वा महाहवे ॥३७॥

37. tāṁ nadīṁ kṣatriyāḥ śūrā hayanāgarathaplavaiḥ ,
praterurbahavo rājanbhayaṁ tyaktvā mahāhave.

37. tām nadīm kṣatriyāḥ śūrāḥ hayanāgarathaplavaiḥ
prateruḥ bahavaḥ rājan bhayam tyaktvā mahāhave

37. rājan mahāhave bhayam tyaktvā bahavaḥ śūrāḥ
kṣatriyāḥ hayanāgarathaplavaiḥ tām nadīm prateruḥ

37. O King, many brave kshatriyas crossed that river in the great battle, having abandoned fear, using horses, elephants, and chariots as their rafts.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that (referring to the previously described river) (that, her)

• नदीम् (nadīm) - the river of battle (river)

• क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - warriors of the kshatriya (warrior) class (kshatriyas, warriors)

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - brave, valiant

• हयनागरथप्लवैः (hayanāgarathaplavaiḥ) - with horses, elephants, and chariots as rafts

• प्रतेरुः (prateruḥ) - they crossed

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many, numerous

• राजन् (rājan) - An address to the listener, likely Dhritarashtra in the Mahabharata context. (O King)

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left

• महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that (referring to the previously described river) (that, her)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

नदीम् (nadīm) - the river of battle (river)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river, stream

Note: Object of the verb 'crossed'.

क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - warriors of the kshatriya (warrior) class (kshatriyas, warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - kshatriya (member of the warrior/ruling class), warrior, ruler

Note: Subject of the verb 'crossed'.

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - brave, valiant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - brave, valiant, heroic; a hero

Note: Adjective modifying 'kṣatriyāḥ'. The Devanagari 'शूरा' omits the visarga, which is grammatically 'śūrāḥ' in this context.

हयनागरथप्लवैः (hayanāgarathaplavaiḥ) - with horses, elephants, and chariots as rafts

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hayanāgarathaplava

hayanāgarathaplava - horses, elephants, and chariots serving as rafts; those whose rafts are horses, elephants, and chariots

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (haya+nāga+ratha+plava)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• nāga – elephant; snake
  noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• plava – boat, raft; swimming, floating
  noun (masculine)
  Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means by which the crossing was done.

प्रतेरुः (prateruḥ) - they crossed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of tṛ

Prefix: pra

Root: tṛ (class 1)

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many, numerous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous, abundant

Note: Adjective modifying 'kṣatriyāḥ'.

राजन् (rājan) - An address to the listener, likely Dhritarashtra in the Mahabharata context. (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, apprehension, alarm

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Object of the absolutive 'tyaktvā'.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed with suffix -ktvā

Root: tyaj (class 1)

महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāhava

mahāhava - great battle, mighty conflict, war

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+āhava)

• mahā – great, large, mighty, grand
  adjective
• āhava – battle, war, combat, encounter
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Indicates the location or time of the action.