महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-99, verse-16

तत्रासीत्सुमहद्युद्धं तव तेषां च संकुलम् ।
नराश्वरथनागानां यमराष्ट्रविवर्धनम् ॥१६॥

16. tatrāsītsumahadyuddhaṁ tava teṣāṁ ca saṁkulam ,
narāśvarathanāgānāṁ yamarāṣṭravivardhanam.

16. tatra āsīt sumahat yuddham tava teṣām ca saṃkulam
narāśvarathanāgānām yamarāṣṭravivardhanam

16. tatra tava teṣām ca sumahat saṃkulam yuddham
āsīt narāśvarathanāgānām yamarāṣṭravivardhanam

16. There, a very great and tumultuous battle took place between your forces and theirs, one that expanded the realm of Yama (god of death) for men, horses, chariots, and elephants.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - on that battlefield (there, in that place)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - there was (a battle) (was, existed)

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - extremely intense (battle) (very great, very large)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - the conflict between the armies (battle, fight, war)

• तव (tava) - pertaining to your (Dhritarashtra's) forces (your, of you)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - pertaining to their (Pandavas') forces (of them, their)

• च (ca) - connecting 'your' and 'their' (and, also)

• संकुलम् (saṁkulam) - a chaotic and intense (battle) (tumultuous, confused, fierce, crowded)

• नराश्वरथनागानाम् (narāśvarathanāgānām) - referring to the casualties among soldiers, cavalry, chariots, and elephants (of men, horses, chariots, and elephants)

• यमराष्ट्रविवर्धनम् (yamarāṣṭravivardhanam) - resulting in many deaths, sending many to the underworld (increasing the realm of Yama (god of death))

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - on that battlefield (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Locative of `tad` (that).

आसीत् (āsīt) - there was (a battle) (was, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect (Laṅ-lakāra), 3rd Person Singular, Parasmaipada

From root `as` (अस्). Laṅ-lakāra, second conjugation.

Root: as (class 2)

सुमहत् (sumahat) - extremely intense (battle) (very great, very large)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, very large, mighty

Compound of `su` (very) and `mahat` (great).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
  Root `mah` (to grow). Present active participle used as adjective.
  Root: mah (class 1)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - the conflict between the armies (battle, fight, war)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

From root `yudh` (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of `āsīt`.

तव (tava) - pertaining to your (Dhritarashtra's) forces (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

Genitive singular of `tvam`.

Note: Refers to Dhritarashtra's side.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - pertaining to their (Pandavas') forces (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Genitive plural masculine/neuter of `tad`.

Note: Refers to the Pandava's side.

च (ca) - connecting 'your' and 'their' (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects `tava` and `teṣām`.

संकुलम् (saṁkulam) - a chaotic and intense (battle) (tumultuous, confused, fierce, crowded)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saṃkula

saṁkula - crowded, confused, tumultuous, fierce

From root `kul` (to collect, crowd) with prefix `sam`.

Prefix: sam

Root: kul (class 1)

Note: Modifies `yuddham`.

नराश्वरथनागानाम् (narāśvarathanāgānām) - referring to the casualties among soldiers, cavalry, chariots, and elephants (of men, horses, chariots, and elephants)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of narāśvarathanāga

narāśvarathanāga - men, horses, chariots, and elephants (a collective term for military components)

Dvandva compound.

Compound type : dvandva (nara+aśva+ratha+nāga)

• nara – man, soldier
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse, cavalry
  noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, charioteer
  noun (masculine)
• nāga – elephant, snake
  noun (masculine)

Note: Possessive relation, describing the entities whose numbers are increased in Yama's realm.

यमराष्ट्रविवर्धनम् (yamarāṣṭravivardhanam) - resulting in many deaths, sending many to the underworld (increasing the realm of Yama (god of death))

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yamarāṣṭravivardhana

yamarāṣṭravivardhana - increasing the realm of Yama

Compound noun/adjective.

Compound type : tatpurusha (yama+rāṣṭra+vivardhana)

• yama – Yama (proper noun, god of death)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, territory
  noun (neuter)
• vivardhana – increasing, enlarging, causing to grow
  adjective (neuter)
  Agent noun/Gerundive
  From root `vṛdh` (to grow) with prefix `vi`, `lyuṭ` suffix. Can be a noun meaning 'increase' or adjective 'increasing'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Modifies `yuddham`.