महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-99, verse-19

रथाश्च रथिभिर्हीना हतसारथयस्तथा ।
विप्रद्रुताश्वाः समरे दिशो जग्मुः समन्ततः ॥१९॥

19. rathāśca rathibhirhīnā hatasārathayastathā ,
vipradrutāśvāḥ samare diśo jagmuḥ samantataḥ.

19. rathāḥ ca rathibhiḥ hīnāḥ hatasārathayaḥ tathā
vipradrutāśvāḥ samare diśaḥ jagmuḥ samantataḥ

19. rathāḥ ca rathibhiḥ hīnāḥ tathā hatasārathayaḥ
vipradrutāśvāḥ samare diśaḥ samantataḥ jagmuḥ

19. And chariots, devoid of their charioteers and whose drivers had been slain, with their horses scattered and fleeing, went in all directions throughout the battle.

Words meanings summery:

• रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• रथिभिः (rathibhiḥ) - by charioteers (by charioteers, by warriors in chariots)

• हीनाः (hīnāḥ) - devoid of (charioteers) (devoid of, abandoned, deprived, inferior)

• हतसारथयः (hatasārathayaḥ) - whose drivers had been slain (whose charioteers were killed, having slain drivers)

• तथा (tathā) - and, likewise (thus, so, likewise, and)

• विप्रद्रुताश्वाः (vipradrutāśvāḥ) - with their horses scattered and fleeing (having scattered horses, whose horses have fled)

• समरे (samare) - in the battle (in battle, on the battlefield)

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions (directions, quarters)

• जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they went (they went, they have gone)

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - in all directions (on all sides, all around, everywhere)

Words meanings and morphology

रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb jagmuḥ.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

रथिभिः (rathibhiḥ) - by charioteers (by charioteers, by warriors in chariots)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior in a chariot

From ratha + suffix -in

Note: Used with hīnāḥ (devoid of).

हीनाः (hīnāḥ) - devoid of (charioteers) (devoid of, abandoned, deprived, inferior)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hīna

hīna - deprived, devoid of, abandoned, inferior

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root hā (to abandon, to give up)

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with rathāḥ. Often takes instrumental case for what is lacked.

हतसारथयः (hatasārathayaḥ) - whose drivers had been slain (whose charioteers were killed, having slain drivers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hatasārathi

hatasārathi - having a slain charioteer

Compound type : bahuvrihi (hata+sārathi)

• hata – slain, killed, struck
  adjective
  Past Passive Particple
  Past passive participle of root han (to strike, to kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• sārathi – charioteer, driver
  noun (masculine)

Note: Bahuvrihi compound, agreeing with rathāḥ.

तथा (tathā) - and, likewise (thus, so, likewise, and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

विप्रद्रुताश्वाः (vipradrutāśvāḥ) - with their horses scattered and fleeing (having scattered horses, whose horses have fled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vipradrutāśva

vipradrutāśva - having horses that have fled in all directions

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vipradruta+aśva)

• vipradruta – scattered, fled in all directions
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root dru (to run) with prefixes vi and pra
  Prefixes: vi+pra
  Root: dru (class 1)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Bahuvrihi compound, agreeing with rathāḥ.

समरे (samare) - in the battle (in battle, on the battlefield)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

Prefix: sam

Root: r̥ (class 3)

Note: Indicates location.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions (directions, quarters)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky, region

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Object of jagmuḥ (went to).

जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they went (they went, they have gone)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect

3rd Person Plural Active Perfect of root gam (1st conjugation)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Verb for rathāḥ.

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - in all directions (on all sides, all around, everywhere)

(indeclinable)

From samanta (all around) + suffix -tas

Note: Adverb modifying jagmuḥ.