महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-99, verse-40

गुणवत्सु कथं द्वेषं धार्तराष्ट्रो जनेश्वरः ।
कृतवान्पाण्डुपुत्रेषु पापात्मा लोभमोहितः ॥४०॥

40. guṇavatsu kathaṁ dveṣaṁ dhārtarāṣṭro janeśvaraḥ ,
kṛtavānpāṇḍuputreṣu pāpātmā lobhamohitaḥ.

40. guṇavatsu kathaṃ dveṣam dhārtarāṣṭraḥ janeśvaraḥ
kṛtavān pāṇḍuputreṣu pāpātmā lobhamohitaḥ

40. kathaṃ pāpātmā lobhamohitaḥ dhārtarāṣṭraḥ
janeśvaraḥ guṇavatsu pāṇḍuputreṣu dveṣam kṛtavān

40. How did Dhritarashtra's son (Duryodhana), the king, that evil-minded one deluded by greed, develop such hatred towards the virtuous sons of Pāṇḍu?

Words meanings summery:

• गुणवत्सु (guṇavatsu) - in/among/towards the virtuous, those with good qualities

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how, in what manner (how? why?)

• द्वेषम् (dveṣam) - hatred, enmity

• धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Duryodhana (son of Dhritarashtra)

• जनेश्वरः (janeśvaraḥ) - lord of men, king

• कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - he developed, he harbored (hatred) (he did, he made, he acted)

• पाण्डुपुत्रेषु (pāṇḍuputreṣu) - towards the sons of Pāṇḍu, among the sons of Pāṇḍu

• पापात्मा (pāpātmā) - evil-minded, sinful soul

• लोभमोहितः (lobhamohitaḥ) - deluded by greed, bewildered by covetousness

Words meanings and morphology

गुणवत्सु (guṇavatsu) - in/among/towards the virtuous, those with good qualities

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of guṇavat

guṇavat - possessed of good qualities, virtuous, meritorious

Possessive suffix `mat/vat`.

कथं (kathaṁ) - how, in what manner (how? why?)

(indeclinable)

द्वेषम् (dveṣam) - hatred, enmity

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dveṣa

dveṣa - hatred, aversion, enmity, malice

From root `dviṣ` (to hate).

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Object of 'kṛtavān'.

धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Duryodhana (son of Dhritarashtra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhritarashtra (referring to Duryodhana and his brothers)

Patronymic from Dhritarashtra.

Note: Refers specifically to Duryodhana in this context.

जनेश्वरः (janeśvaraḥ) - lord of men, king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janeśvara

janeśvara - lord of men, king, ruler

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+īśvara)

• jana – person, people, mankind
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler, god
  noun (masculine)
  From `īś` (to rule) + `vara` suffix.
  Root: īś (class 2)

कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - he developed, he harbored (hatred) (he did, he made, he acted)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavat

kṛtavat - having done, having made

Past Active Participle

From root `kṛ` (to do, to make) + suffix `vat`.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'dhārtarāṣṭraḥ'.

पाण्डुपुत्रेषु (pāṇḍuputreṣu) - towards the sons of Pāṇḍu, among the sons of Pāṇḍu

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍuputra

pāṇḍuputra - son of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāṇḍu+putra)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (name of a king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Locative case often used to express 'towards' or 'against' with verbs of anger or hatred.

पापात्मा (pāpātmā) - evil-minded, sinful soul

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpātman

pāpātman - sinful soul, evil-minded, wicked

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pāpa+ātman)

• pāpa – evil, sin, wicked
  noun (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

लोभमोहितः (lobhamohitaḥ) - deluded by greed, bewildered by covetousness

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lobhamohita

lobhamohita - deluded by greed

Compound type : tatpurusha (lobha+mohita)

• lobha – greed, covetousness, avarice
  noun (masculine)
  From root `lubh` (to desire).
  Root: lubh (class 4)
• mohita – deluded, bewildered, infatuated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `muh` (to be bewildered).
  Root: muh (class 4)