महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-99, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
मध्याह्ने तु महाराज संग्रामः समपद्यत ।
लोकक्षयकरो रौद्रो भीष्मस्य सह सोमकैः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
madhyāhne tu mahārāja saṁgrāmaḥ samapadyata ,
lokakṣayakaro raudro bhīṣmasya saha somakaiḥ.

1. sañjaya uvāca madhyāhne tu mahārāja saṅgrāmaḥ samapadyata
lokakṣayakaraḥ raudraḥ bhīṣmasya saha somakaiḥ

1. sañjaya uvāca.
mahārāja,
tu madhyāhne,
lokakṣayakaraḥ raudraḥ saṅgrāmaḥ bhīṣmasya somakaiḥ saha samapadyata

1. Sañjaya said: "But, O great King, at midday, a dreadful battle causing the destruction of people took place between Bhishma and the Somakas."

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - The narrator of the Mahabharata to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Sanjaya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said

• मध्याह्ने (madhyāhne) - at midday, at noon

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

• सङ्ग्रामः (saṅgrāmaḥ) - battle, conflict

• समपद्यत (samapadyata) - took place, occurred, happened

• लोकक्षयकरः (lokakṣayakaraḥ) - causing destruction of people

• रौद्रः (raudraḥ) - dreadful, terrible

• भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - of Bhishma

• सह (saha) - 'between' in this context when used with two parties (with, accompanied by)

• सोमकैः (somakaiḥ) - The Somakas were a branch of the Pañcālas, allies of the Pāṇḍavas (by the Somakas)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - The narrator of the Mahabharata to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Sanjaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (name)

Note: subject of uvāca

उवाच (uvāca) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd Person Singular, Active Voice (Parasmaipada)

Root vac (to speak), class 2 (irregular perfect)

Root: vac (class 2)

मध्याह्ने (madhyāhne) - at midday, at noon

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of madhyāhna

madhyāhna - midday, noon

Compound type : tatpurusha (madhya+ahan)

• madhya – middle, central
  adjective (neuter)
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective (neuter)
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)

Note: addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra

सङ्ग्रामः (saṅgrāmaḥ) - battle, conflict

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, war, conflict

Derived from sam + grāma (village, host) or gam (to go)

Prefix: sam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: subject of samapadyata

समपद्यत (samapadyata) - took place, occurred, happened

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of pad

Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd Person Singular, Middle Voice (Ātmanepada)

Root pad (to go, fall), class 4, with prefixes sam-a

Prefixes: sam+a

Root: pad (class 4)

लोकक्षयकरः (lokakṣayakaraḥ) - causing destruction of people

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lokakṣayakara

lokakṣayakara - causing destruction of the world/people

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (loka+kṣaya+kara)

• loka – world, people
  noun (masculine)
• kṣaya – destruction, decay, loss
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)
• kara – making, doing, causing
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  agent noun/suffix
  Derived from root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: modifying saṅgrāmaḥ

रौद्रः (raudraḥ) - dreadful, terrible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raudra

raudra - dreadful, terrible, fierce; related to Rudra

Derived from Rudra

Note: modifying saṅgrāmaḥ

भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - of Bhishma

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name)

Note: used with saha to indicate 'with Bhishma' or 'between Bhishma'

सह (saha) - 'between' in this context when used with two parties (with, accompanied by)

(indeclinable)

Note: used with somakaiḥ (instrumental plural)

सोमकैः (somakaiḥ) - The Somakas were a branch of the Pañcālas, allies of the Pāṇḍavas (by the Somakas)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of somaka

somaka - descendant of Soma, a people/tribe (allies of Pandavas)

Note: instrumental case due to saha