महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-44, verse-48

केतुना पञ्चतारेण तालेन भरतर्षभ ।
राजतेन महाबाहुरुच्छ्रितेन महारथे ।
बभौ भीष्मस्तदा राजंश्चन्द्रमा इव मेरुणा ॥४८॥

48. ketunā pañcatāreṇa tālena bharatarṣabha ,
rājatena mahābāhurucchritena mahārathe ,
babhau bhīṣmastadā rājaṁścandramā iva meruṇā.

48. ketunā pañcatāreṇa tālena
bharatarṣabha rājātena mahābāhuḥ
ucchritena mahārathe babhau bhīṣmaḥ
tadā rājan candramāḥ iva meruṇā

48. bharatarṣabha rājan tadā mahābāhuḥ
bhīṣmaḥ ucchritena rājātena
pañcatāreṇa tālena ketunā
mahārathe babhau candramāḥ meruṇā iva

48. O best of Bharatas, O King, then the mighty-armed Bhishma, on his great chariot, shone brightly with his raised silver banner, which featured a palm tree and five stars, appearing like the moon atop Mount Meru.

Words meanings summery:

• केतुना (ketunā) - by the banner, with the flag

• पञ्चतारेण (pañcatāreṇa) - five-starred

• तालेन (tālena) - with the palm tree emblem (on the banner) (with a palm tree (emblem))

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas

• राजातेन (rājātena) - silver, made of silver, shining

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - Bhishma (who is mighty-armed) (mighty-armed)

• उच्छ्रितेन (ucchritena) - raised, elevated, uplifted

• महारथे (mahārathe) - on the great chariot

• बभौ (babhau) - shone, appeared splendid

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• चन्द्रमाः (candramāḥ) - the moon

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• मेरुणा (meruṇā) - with Mount Meru, on Mount Meru

Words meanings and morphology

केतुना (ketunā) - by the banner, with the flag

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ketu

ketu - banner, flag, ensign, sign, mark, comet

पञ्चतारेण (pañcatāreṇa) - five-starred

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pañcatāra

pañcatāra - five-starred

Compound type : dvigu (pañca+tāra)

• pañca – five
  numeral
• tāra – star, pupil of the eye, a pearl
  noun (masculine)

तालेन (tālena) - with the palm tree emblem (on the banner) (with a palm tree (emblem))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tāla

tāla - palm tree, musical measure, cymbal

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull of the Bharatas, best of the Bharatas

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, a king, an ancient tribe
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent, best
  noun (masculine)

राजातेन (rājātena) - silver, made of silver, shining

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājāta

rājāta - silver, made of silver, shining, brilliant

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - Bhishma (who is mighty-armed) (mighty-armed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - having mighty arms, mighty-armed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

उच्छ्रितेन (ucchritena) - raised, elevated, uplifted

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ucchrita

ucchrita - raised, elevated, uplifted, prominent

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root śri (to lean, resort to) with upasarga ud- (up, upwards).

Prefix: ud

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'ketunā'

महारथे (mahārathe) - on the great chariot

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great chariot, a warrior capable of fighting against 10,000 archers

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, car, vehicle
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

बभौ (babhau) - shone, appeared splendid

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhā

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect form of root bhā.

Root: bhā (class 2)

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a Kuru patriarch), terrible, formidable

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

चन्द्रमाः (candramāḥ) - the moon

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of candramas

candramas - the moon, moon-god

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

मेरुणा (meruṇā) - with Mount Meru, on Mount Meru

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of meru

meru - Mount Meru (mythical golden mountain, center of the universe), a mountain