महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-44, verse-43

अन्ये तु विरथाः शूरा रथमन्यस्य संयुगे ।
प्रार्थयाना निपतिताः संक्षुण्णा वरवारणैः ।
अशोभन्त महाराज पुष्पिता इव किंशुकाः ॥४३॥

43. anye tu virathāḥ śūrā rathamanyasya saṁyuge ,
prārthayānā nipatitāḥ saṁkṣuṇṇā varavāraṇaiḥ ,
aśobhanta mahārāja puṣpitā iva kiṁśukāḥ.

43. anye tu virathāḥ śūrāḥ ratham
anyasya saṃyuge prārthayānāḥ nipatitāḥ
saṃkṣuṇṇāḥ varavāraṇaiḥ aśobhanta
mahārāja puṣpitāḥ iva kiṃśukāḥ

43. mahārāja tu anye virathāḥ śūrāḥ
saṃyuge anyasya ratham prārthayānāḥ
nipatitāḥ varavāraṇaiḥ saṃkṣuṇṇāḥ
puṣpitāḥ kiṃśukāḥ iva aśobhanta

43. But other brave warriors, O great king, dismounted from their chariots, fallen and crushed by excellent elephants while seeking another's chariot in battle, appeared like blooming Palāśa trees.

Words meanings summery:

• अन्ये (anye) - others, other ones

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• विरथाः (virathāḥ) - chariotless, dismounted from chariots

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - brave warriors, heroes

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• अन्यस्य (anyasya) - of another, of someone else

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

• प्रार्थयानाः (prārthayānāḥ) - seeking, requesting, desiring

• निपतिताः (nipatitāḥ) - fallen, fallen down

• संक्षुण्णाः (saṁkṣuṇṇāḥ) - crushed, trampled, severely injured

• वरवारणैः (varavāraṇaiḥ) - by excellent elephants

• अशोभन्त (aśobhanta) - they shone, they appeared

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• पुष्पिताः (puṣpitāḥ) - flowered, blooming

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

• किंशुकाः (kiṁśukāḥ) - Palāśa trees (Butea monosperma), known for their red flowers

Words meanings and morphology

अन्ये (anye) - others, other ones

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

विरथाः (virathāḥ) - chariotless, dismounted from chariots

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viratha

viratha - chariotless, deprived of a chariot

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, lacking, against (prefix)
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - brave warriors, heroes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - brave, valorous, hero, warrior

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

अन्यस्य (anyasya) - of another, of someone else

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, combat, conflict

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

प्रार्थयानाः (prārthayānāḥ) - seeking, requesting, desiring

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prārthayamāna

prārthayamāna - seeking, requesting, desiring

Present Middle Participle

From root arth 'to ask, request' with prefix pra + śānac suffix (middle voice present participle).

Prefix: pra

Root: arth (class 10)

निपतिताः (nipatitāḥ) - fallen, fallen down

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nipatita

nipatita - fallen, fallen down

Past Passive Participle

From root pat 'to fall' with prefix ni + kta (PPP).

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

संक्षुण्णाः (saṁkṣuṇṇāḥ) - crushed, trampled, severely injured

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃkṣuṇṇa

saṁkṣuṇṇa - crushed, trampled, pounded

Past Passive Participle

From root kṣuṇ 'to pound, crush' with prefix sam + kta (PPP).

Prefix: sam

Root: kṣuṇ (class 6)

वरवारणैः (varavāraṇaiḥ) - by excellent elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of varavāraṇa

varavāraṇa - excellent elephant

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vara+vāraṇa)

• vara – excellent, best, finest
  adjective
  Root: vṛ (class 9)
• vāraṇa – elephant
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

अशोभन्त (aśobhanta) - they shone, they appeared

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of śubh

Root: śubh (class 1)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

पुष्पिताः (puṣpitāḥ) - flowered, blooming

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puṣpita

puṣpita - flowered, blooming, adorned with flowers

Past Passive Participle

From root puṣp 'to flower' + it (denominative suffix) + kta (PPP).

Root: puṣp (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

(indeclinable)

किंशुकाः (kiṁśukāḥ) - Palāśa trees (Butea monosperma), known for their red flowers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kiṃśuka

kiṁśuka - Palāśa tree (Butea monosperma), also known as 'Flame of the Forest'