महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-109, verse-44

आससाद रणे योधांस्तावकान्दश भारत ।
ये स्म भीमं रणे राजन्योधयन्तो व्यवस्थिताः ।
बीभत्सुस्तानथाविध्यद्भीमस्य प्रियकाम्यया ॥४४॥

44. āsasāda raṇe yodhāṁstāvakāndaśa bhārata ,
ye sma bhīmaṁ raṇe rājanyodhayanto vyavasthitāḥ ,
bībhatsustānathāvidhyadbhīmasya priyakāmyayā.

44. āsaśāsada raṇe yodhān tāvakān daśa
bhārata ye sma bhīmam raṇe rājan
yodhayantaḥ vyavasthitāḥ bībhatsuḥ tān
atha avidhyat bhīmasya priyakāmyayā

44. bhārata saḥ raṇe daśa tāvakān yodhān
āsaśāsada rājan ye raṇe bhīmam
yodhayantaḥ sma vyavasthitāḥ atha bībhatsuḥ
bhīmasya priyakāmyayā tān avidhyat

44. Then, O descendant of Bharata, he attacked ten of your warriors in battle, who, O king, were positioned there fighting Bhima. Then Bibhatsu (Arjuna) pierced those warriors, desiring Bhima's welfare.

Words meanings summery:

• आसशासद (āsaśāsada) - he attacked (he attacked, he approached, he went to)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

• योधान् (yodhān) - warriors

• तावकान् (tāvakān) - your (Duryodhana's/Dhritarashtra's) warriors (your, belonging to you (plural))

• दश (daśa) - ten

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata, O Bharata)

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• स्म (sma) - indicates past action (indeed, verily (used with present tense to denote past action))

• भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhima

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

• योधयन्तः (yodhayantaḥ) - fighting, battling

• व्यवस्थिताः (vyavasthitāḥ) - were arrayed/positioned (stood, arrayed, positioned)

• बीभत्सुः (bībhatsuḥ) - Arjuna (Bibhatsu (Arjuna's epithet meaning 'one who hates loathsome deeds'))

• तान् (tān) - those warriors (those (acc. pl.))

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - he pierced, he struck

• भीमस्य (bhīmasya) - of Bhima

• प्रियकाम्यया (priyakāmyayā) - for the sake of Bhima's welfare/pleasure (with the desire for the welfare/pleasure of, for the sake of the beloved)

Words meanings and morphology

आसशासद (āsaśāsada) - he attacked (he attacked, he approached, he went to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of sad

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, from ā-sad

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight

Root: raṇ

योधान् (yodhān) - warriors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter

from yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

तावकान् (tāvakān) - your (Duryodhana's/Dhritarashtra's) warriors (your, belonging to you (plural))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, belonging to you

from tvad + aka

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

Note: Always plural in declension, but the number is fixed.

भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata, O Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, belonging to Bharata

from Bharata + a

Root: bhṛ

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, that

स्म (sma) - indicates past action (indeed, verily (used with present tense to denote past action))

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used to turn a present participle into a past action/state.

भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhima

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhima (a character in the Mahabharata), terrible, formidable

Root: bhī

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight

Root: raṇ

राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

योधयन्तः (yodhayantaḥ) - fighting, battling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yodhaya

yodhaya - fighting, causing to fight

Present Active Participle

from causative of yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

व्यवस्थिताः (vyavasthitāḥ) - were arrayed/positioned (stood, arrayed, positioned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyavasthita

vyavasthita - stood, arrayed, positioned, fixed

Past Passive Participle

from vi-ava-sthā (to stand)

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

बीभत्सुः (bībhatsuḥ) - Arjuna (Bibhatsu (Arjuna's epithet meaning 'one who hates loathsome deeds'))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bībhatsu

bībhatsu - disgusted, detesting, (Arjuna's epithet)

from intensive of bhī (to fear), meaning 'one who hates terrible things'

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: An epithet for Arjuna.

तान् (tān) - those warriors (those (acc. pl.))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to "yodhān tāvakān".

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - he pierced, he struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyadh

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular

Root: vyadh (class 4)

भीमस्य (bhīmasya) - of Bhima

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhima (a character in the Mahabharata), terrible, formidable

Root: bhī

प्रियकाम्यया (priyakāmyayā) - for the sake of Bhima's welfare/pleasure (with the desire for the welfare/pleasure of, for the sake of the beloved)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of priyakāmya

priyakāmya - desiring the beloved's welfare, for the sake of pleasure/welfare

from priya (dear) + kāmya (desire)

Compound type : tatpurusha (priya+kāmya)

• priya – dear, beloved
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: prī
• kāmya – desirable, desire
  noun (masculine)
  from root kam
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Used as an adverbial phrase.