महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-109, verse-31

द्वाभ्यां द्वाभ्यां च विव्याध गौतमप्रभृतीन्रथान् ।
ते तु तं समरे राजन्विव्यधुर्निशितैः शरैः ॥३१॥

31. dvābhyāṁ dvābhyāṁ ca vivyādha gautamaprabhṛtīnrathān ,
te tu taṁ samare rājanvivyadhurniśitaiḥ śaraiḥ.

31. dvābhyām dvābhyām ca vivyādha gautamaprabhṛtīn rathān
te tu taṃ samare rājan vivyadhuḥ niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ

31. ca gautamaprabhṛtīn rathān dvābhyām dvābhyām vivyādha
rājan te tu samare taṃ niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ vivyadhuḥ

31. And he pierced Gautama and other charioteers with two arrows each. But those warriors, O king, in battle, pierced him with sharp arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• द्वाभ्याम् (dvābhyām) - with two (arrows) (by two, with two)

• द्वाभ्याम् (dvābhyām) - with two (arrows) each (by two, with two (distributive))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - he pierced (he pierced, he wounded)

• गौतमप्रभृतीन् (gautamaprabhṛtīn) - Gautama (Drona) and others (charioteers) (Gautama and others)

• रथान् (rathān) - charioteers (charioteers, chariots)

• ते (te) - those (warriors) (they, those)

• तु (tu) - but (but, however)

• तं (taṁ) - him (Bhima) (him, that (one))

• समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king (addressing Dhritarashtra) (O king)

• विव्यधुः (vivyadhuḥ) - they pierced (they pierced, they wounded)

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp (arrows) (by sharp, by whetted)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows, with arrows)

Words meanings and morphology

द्वाभ्याम् (dvābhyām) - with two (arrows) (by two, with two)

(numeral)

Note: implied noun 'śarābhyām' (by two arrows)

द्वाभ्याम् (dvābhyām) - with two (arrows) each (by two, with two (distributive))

(numeral)

Note: repetition signifies 'each'; implied noun 'śarābhyām' (by two arrows)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

विव्याध (vivyādha) - he pierced (he pierced, he wounded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vyadh

perfect active

root 'vyadh', reduplicated perfect

Root: vyadh (class 4)

गौतमप्रभृतीन् (gautamaprabhṛtīn) - Gautama (Drona) and others (charioteers) (Gautama and others)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gautamaprabhṛti

gautamaprabhṛti - Gautama and others

Compound type : tatpurusha (gautama+prabhṛti)

• gautama – Gautama (proper name, e.g. Drona)
  proper noun (masculine)
• prabhṛti – beginning, source; and others, etc.
  noun (feminine)
  from 'pra' + root 'bhṛ' (to bear)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)

रथान् (rathān) - charioteers (charioteers, chariots)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer; owner of a chariot

ते (te) - those (warriors) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

तु (tu) - but (but, however)

(indeclinable)

तं (taṁ) - him (Bhima) (him, that (one))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him

समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, conflict, war

Prefix: sam

Root: mṛ (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - O king (addressing Dhritarashtra) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

विव्यधुः (vivyadhuḥ) - they pierced (they pierced, they wounded)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vyadh

perfect active

root 'vyadh', reduplicated perfect

Root: vyadh (class 4)

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp (arrows) (by sharp, by whetted)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharp, whetted, sharpened

Past Passive Participle

from root 'śo' (to sharpen) + 'ni' upasarga

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: agrees with 'śaraiḥ'

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows, with arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed