महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-109, verse-41

ततो धनंजयस्तत्र वर्तमाने महारणे ।
जगाम स रथेनाजौ भीमं दृष्ट्वा महारथम् ।
निघ्नन्तं समरे शत्रून्योधयानं च सायकैः ॥४१॥

41. tato dhanaṁjayastatra vartamāne mahāraṇe ,
jagāma sa rathenājau bhīmaṁ dṛṣṭvā mahāratham ,
nighnantaṁ samare śatrūnyodhayānaṁ ca sāyakaiḥ.

41. tataḥ dhanañjayaḥ tatra vartamāne
mahāraṇe jagāma saḥ rathena ājau
bhīmam dṛṣṭvā mahāratham nighnantam
samare śatrūn yodhayānam ca sāyakaiḥ

41. tataḥ tatra vartamāne mahāraṇe
dhanañjayaḥ saḥ bhīmam mahāratham samare
śatrūn nighnantam sāyakaiḥ
yodhayānam ca dṛṣṭvā rathena ājau jagāma

41. Then, in that ongoing great battle, Dhananjaya (Arjuna) went by chariot in combat, having seen the great warrior Bhima killing enemies and fighting them with arrows in the battle.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

• धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Dhananjaya (Arjuna) (Arjuna (lit. 'conqueror of wealth'))

• तत्र (tatra) - there (in the battle) (there, in that place)

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - in the ongoing (battle) (being, existing, ongoing, present)

• महारणे (mahāraṇe) - in the great battle (in a great battle)

• जगाम (jagāma) - went (went, proceeded)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Arjuna) (he, that)

• रथेन (rathena) - by chariot (by chariot, with chariot)

• आजौ (ājau) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

• भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhima

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• महारथम् (mahāratham) - the great warrior (a great warrior, a great charioteer)

• निघ्नन्तम् (nighnantam) - killing (killing, striking down)

• समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies

• योधयानम् (yodhayānam) - fighting (fighting, causing to fight)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Dhananjaya (Arjuna) (Arjuna (lit. 'conqueror of wealth'))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth, a name of Arjuna

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – conquering, victory, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  From root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: A specific name for Arjuna.

तत्र (tatra) - there (in the battle) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the location of the battle.

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - in the ongoing (battle) (being, existing, ongoing, present)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, present, current, ongoing

Present Active Participle

From root vṛt (to be, exist), Present Active Participle (ātmanepada)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'mahāraṇe'.

महारणे (mahāraṇe) - in the great battle (in a great battle)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāraṇa

mahāraṇa - a great battle, major war

Compound type : karma dhāraya (mahā+raṇa)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• raṇa – battle, war
  noun (masculine)

जगाम (jagāma) - went (went, proceeded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of gam

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: gam (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he (Arjuna) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Dhananjaya.

रथेन (rathena) - by chariot (by chariot, with chariot)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

आजौ (ājau) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āji

āji - battle, combat, conflict

Note: Another word for 'battle', similar to raṇa.

भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhima

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - frightful, terrible; name of a Pandava hero

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root dṛś + tvā suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

महारथम् (mahāratham) - the great warrior (a great warrior, a great charioteer)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great charioteer, a great warrior

Compound type : karma dhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot; warrior (one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'bhīmam'.

निघ्नन्तम् (nighnantam) - killing (killing, striking down)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nighnant

nighnant - killing, striking down

Present Active Participle

From root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni-, Present Active Participle

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'bhīmam'.

समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat

शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

Note: Object of 'nighnantam'.

योधयानम् (yodhayānam) - fighting (fighting, causing to fight)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yodhayāna

yodhayāna - fighting, causing to fight

Present Active Participle (Causal)

From causal of root yudh (to fight), Present Active Participle (ātmanepada)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'bhīmam'. The causal 'yodhay' can mean 'to fight' directly when referring to warriors.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'nighnantam' and 'yodhayānam'.

सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow, dart

Note: Instrument for fighting.