महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-109, verse-42

तौ तु तत्र महात्मानौ समेतौ वीक्ष्य पाण्डवौ ।
नाशशंसुर्जयं तत्र तावकाः पुरुषर्षभ ॥४२॥

42. tau tu tatra mahātmānau sametau vīkṣya pāṇḍavau ,
nāśaśaṁsurjayaṁ tatra tāvakāḥ puruṣarṣabha.

42. tau tu tatra mahātmānau sametau vīkṣya pāṇḍavau
na āśaśaṃsuḥ jayam tatra tāvakāḥ puruṣarṣabha

42. puruṣarṣabha tāvakāḥ tatra tau mahātmānau
pāṇḍavau sametau vīkṣya tatra jayam na āśaśaṃsuḥ

42. O best among men, when your people saw those two great-souled Pāṇḍavas united there, they did not hope for victory in that situation.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - those two

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (on the battlefield) (there, in that place, in that situation)

• महात्मानौ (mahātmānau) - the two great-souled ones, noble ones

• समेतौ (sametau) - united (united, come together, met)

• वीक्ष्य (vīkṣya) - having seen, after seeing

• पाण्डवौ (pāṇḍavau) - the two sons of Pāṇḍu, the two Pāṇḍavas

• न (na) - not, no

• आशशंसुः (āśaśaṁsuḥ) - they hoped for (they hoped, they wished for, they predicted)

• जयम् (jayam) - victory (victory, conquest)

• तत्र (tatra) - in that situation (there, in that place, in that situation)

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your people, belonging to you

• पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O best among men, O chief of men

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - there (on the battlefield) (there, in that place, in that situation)

(indeclinable)

locative of tad

महात्मानौ (mahātmānau) - the two great-souled ones, noble ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, sublime

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

समेतौ (sametau) - united (united, come together, met)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sameta

sameta - come together, met, united

Past Passive Participle

from sam-i (to go)

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

वीक्ष्य (vīkṣya) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

from vi-īkṣ (to see)

Prefix: vi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

पाण्डवौ (pāṇḍavau) - the two sons of Pāṇḍu, the two Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - son of Pāṇḍu, descendant of Pāṇḍu

from Pāṇḍu + a

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आशशंसुः (āśaśaṁsuḥ) - they hoped for (they hoped, they wished for, they predicted)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of śaṃs

Perfect Active

3rd person plural

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

जयम् (jayam) - victory (victory, conquest)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jaya

jaya - victory, conquest, triumph

from root ji

Root: ji (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - in that situation (there, in that place, in that situation)

(indeclinable)

locative of tad

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your people, belonging to you

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, belonging to you, your people

from tvad + aka

पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O best among men, O chief of men

(compound)

Compound type : tatpurusha (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ