महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-109, verse-43

अथार्जुनो रणे भीष्मं योधयन्वै महारथम् ।
भीष्मस्य निधनाकाङ्क्षी पुरस्कृत्य शिखण्डिनम् ॥४३॥

43. athārjuno raṇe bhīṣmaṁ yodhayanvai mahāratham ,
bhīṣmasya nidhanākāṅkṣī puraskṛtya śikhaṇḍinam.

43. atha arjunaḥ raṇe bhīṣmam yodhayann vai mahāratham
bhīṣmasya nidhana ākāṅkṣī puraskṛtya śikhaṇḍinam

43. atha arjunaḥ raṇe mahāratham bhīṣmam yodhayann
vai bhīṣmasya nidhanākāṅkṣī śikhaṇḍinam puraskṛtya

43. Then Arjuna, indeed engaging the great warrior Bhishma in battle, and desiring Bhishma's demise, had positioned Shikhandin at the vanguard.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma

• योधयन्न् (yodhayann) - fighting (himself) (fighting, causing to fight, battling)

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

• महारथम् (mahāratham) - great warrior, one who can fight many charioteers

• भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - of Bhishma

• निधनाकाङ्क्षी (nidhanākāṅkṣī) - desiring Bhishma's death (desiring death/destruction)

• पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed Shikhandin in front (as a shield) (having placed in front, having put before)

• शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Shikhandin

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (a character in the Mahabharata)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight

Root: raṇ

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a character in the Mahabharata), terrible

Root: bhī

योधयन्न् (yodhayann) - fighting (himself) (fighting, causing to fight, battling)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yodhaya

yodhaya - fighting, causing to fight

Present Active Participle

from causative of yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

(indeclinable)

महारथम् (mahāratham) - great warrior, one who can fight many charioteers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, commander of many chariots

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram

भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - of Bhishma

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a character in the Mahabharata), terrible

Root: bhī

निधनाकाङ्क्षी (nidhanākāṅkṣī) - desiring Bhishma's death (desiring death/destruction)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nidhanākāṅkṣin

nidhanākāṅkṣin - desiring death/destruction

from nidhana (death) + ākāṅkṣin (desiring)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nidhana+ākāṅkṣin)

• nidhana – death, destruction
  noun (neuter)
  from ni-dhan
  Prefix: ni
  Root: han (class 2)
• ākāṅkṣin – desiring, longing for
  adjective (masculine)
  from ā-kāṅkṣ
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed Shikhandin in front (as a shield) (having placed in front, having put before)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from puras-kṛ (to place before)

Prefix: puras

Root: kṛ (class 8)

शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Shikhandin

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Shikhandin (a character in the Mahabharata, key to Bhishma's demise)