महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-109, verse-16

स च्छिन्नधन्वा विरथो हताश्वो हतसारथिः ।
चित्रसेनरथं राजन्नारुरोह त्वरान्वितः ॥१६॥

16. sa cchinnadhanvā viratho hatāśvo hatasārathiḥ ,
citrasenarathaṁ rājannāruroha tvarānvitaḥ.

16. saḥ chinnadhanvā virathaḥ hatāśvaḥ hatasārathiḥ
citrasenaratham rājan ārūroha tvarānvitaḥ

16. राजन् सः च्छिन्नधन्वा विरथः हताश्वः
हतसारथिः त्वरान्वितः चित्रसेनरथम् आरुरोह

16. O King (rājan), he (Jayadratha), whose bow was cut, who was charioless, whose horses were dead, and whose charioteer was slain, quickly ascended Citrasena's chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Jayadratha) (he, that)

• छिन्नधन्वा (chinnadhanvā) - whose bow was cut (one whose bow is cut)

• विरथः (virathaḥ) - charioless (charioless, without a chariot)

• हताश्वः (hatāśvaḥ) - whose horses were dead (one whose horses are killed)

• हतसारथिः (hatasārathiḥ) - whose charioteer was slain (one whose charioteer is killed)

• चित्रसेनरथम् (citrasenaratham) - Citrasena's chariot

• राजन् (rājan) - O king (vocative, addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

• आरूरोह (ārūroha) - he ascended (he ascended, he mounted)

• त्वरान्वितः (tvarānvitaḥ) - quickly, with haste (accompanied by haste, quickly)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Jayadratha) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject.

छिन्नधन्वा (chinnadhanvā) - whose bow was cut (one whose bow is cut)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of chinnadhanvan

chinnadhanvan - having a cut bow, whose bow is broken

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (chinna+dhanus)

• chinna – cut, broken, severed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root chid (to cut)
  Root: chid (class 7)
• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhanv (class 1)

विरथः (virathaḥ) - charioless (charioless, without a chariot)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - without a chariot, charioless

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, dis-, away, apart
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating separation or negation.
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram

हताश्वः (hatāśvaḥ) - whose horses were dead (one whose horses are killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hatāśva

hatāśva - having slain horses, whose horses are killed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+aśva)

• hata – killed, slain
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

हतसारथिः (hatasārathiḥ) - whose charioteer was slain (one whose charioteer is killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hatasārathi

hatasārathi - having a slain charioteer, whose charioteer is killed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+sārathi)

• hata – killed, slain
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• sārathi – charioteer
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sa
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

चित्रसेनरथम् (citrasenaratham) - Citrasena's chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of citrasenaratha

citrasenaratha - chariot of Citrasena

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (citrasena+ratha)

• citrasena – Citrasena (name of a warrior)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram

Note: Object of 'ārūroha'.

राजन् (rājan) - O king (vocative, addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

आरूरोह (ārūroha) - he ascended (he ascended, he mounted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of āruh

Perfect active

Reduplicated perfect form with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

त्वरान्वितः (tvarānvitaḥ) - quickly, with haste (accompanied by haste, quickly)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarānvita

tvarānvita - endowed with haste, quick, swift

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tvarā+anvita)

• tvarā – haste, speed
  noun (feminine)
  Root: tvar (class 1)
• anvita – accompanied by, endowed with, possessed of
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from anu + root i (to go)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ'.