महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-10, verse-42

ततो हते महावीर्ये वृत्रे देवभयंकरे ।
अनृतेनाभिभूतोऽभूच्छक्रः परमदुर्मनाः ।
त्रैशीर्षयाभिभूतश्च स पूर्वं ब्रह्महत्यया ॥४२॥

42. tato hate mahāvīrye vṛtre devabhayaṁkare ,
anṛtenābhibhūto'bhūcchakraḥ paramadurmanāḥ ,
traiśīrṣayābhibhūtaśca sa pūrvaṁ brahmahatyayā.

42. tataḥ hate mahā-vīrye vṛtre deva-bhayaṃ-kare
anṛtena abhibhūtaḥ abhūt
śakraḥ parama-dur-manāḥ trai-śīrṣayā
abhibhūtaḥ ca sa pūrvam brahma-hatyayā

42. Then, after Vritra, who possessed great valor and was terrifying to the gods, was slain, Shakra (Indra) became exceedingly distressed, overcome by the falsehood (anṛta). And he had previously been overcome by the killing of a brahmin (brahmahatyā) in connection with the three-headed one (Traiśīrṣa).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - Then, indicating sequence (then, thereafter)

• हते (hate) - upon the slaying of (when slain, having been killed)

• महा-वीर्ये (mahā-vīrye) - possessing immense prowess (of great valor, with great strength)

• वृत्रे (vṛtre) - Vritra (the asura) being slain (in Vritra, concerning Vritra)

• देव-भयं-करे (deva-bhayaṁ-kare) - who was a source of fear for the deities (terrifying to the gods, causing fear to the gods)

• अनृतेन (anṛtena) - due to the falsehood or sin (of killing Vritra) (by untruth, by falsehood, by sin)

• अभिभूतः (abhibhūtaḥ) - overwhelmed or afflicted (overcome, overpowered, seized)

• अभूत् (abhūt) - came to be, became (became, was)

• शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra, the king of the gods (Shakra (Indra))

• परम-दुर्-मनाः (parama-dur-manāḥ) - in a state of utmost mental distress (extremely distressed, very ill-minded)

• त्रै-शीर्षया (trai-śīrṣayā) - in connection with the three-headed Vishvarupa (by the three-headed one (referring to Vishvarupa))

• अभिभूतः (abhibhūtaḥ) - afflicted or overwhelmed (overcome, overpowered, seized)

• च (ca) - and, indicating an additional point (and, also)

• स (sa) - he (referring to Indra) (he, that (masculine singular nominative))

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - at an earlier time (formerly, previously, before)

• ब्रह्म-हत्यया (brahma-hatyayā) - due to the severe sin of slaying a brahmin (by the killing of a brahmin, by brahminicide)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - Then, indicating sequence (then, thereafter)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas forming an adverb from pronominal base 'tad'

हते (hate) - upon the slaying of (when slain, having been killed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - slain, killed, struck

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Absolute locative with Vṛtre

महा-वीर्ये (mahā-vīrye) - possessing immense prowess (of great valor, with great strength)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahā-vīrya

mahā-vīrya - greatly powerful, of great valor

Bahuvrihi compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+vīrya)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• vīrya – valor, strength, heroism, energy
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vīr

Note: Agrees with Vṛtre

वृत्रे (vṛtre) - Vritra (the asura) being slain (in Vritra, concerning Vritra)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vṛtra

vṛtra - Vritra (proper name of an asura)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Absolute locative with hate

देव-भयं-करे (deva-bhayaṁ-kare) - who was a source of fear for the deities (terrifying to the gods, causing fear to the gods)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of deva-bhayaṃ-kara

deva-bhayaṁ-kara - terrifying to the gods

Tatpurusha compound (deva + bhayamkara)

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+bhayam-kara)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 1)
• bhayaṃ-kara – terrifying, dreadful, formidable
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound of bhaya (fear) and kara (making)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with Vṛtre

अनृतेन (anṛtena) - due to the falsehood or sin (of killing Vritra) (by untruth, by falsehood, by sin)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untruth, falsehood, wrong, sin

Compound of 'an' (not) + 'ṛta' (truth)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+ṛta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• ṛta – truth, cosmic order, right
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'ṛ' (to go, rise)
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Cause of being overcome

अभिभूतः (abhibhūtaḥ) - overwhelmed or afflicted (overcome, overpowered, seized)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhibhūta

abhibhūta - overcome, overpowered, seized

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'bhū' (to be) with prefix 'abhi'

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Śakraḥ

अभूत् (abhūt) - came to be, became (became, was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhū

aorist active

3rd person singular, aorist active

Root: bhū (class 1)

शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra, the king of the gods (Shakra (Indra))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Shakra (an epithet of Indra), powerful

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Subject of abhūt

परम-दुर्-मनाः (parama-dur-manāḥ) - in a state of utmost mental distress (extremely distressed, very ill-minded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parama-dur-manas

parama-dur-manas - extremely dejected, greatly distressed

Bahuvrihi compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (parama+dur-manas)

• parama – supreme, highest, ultimate
  adjective
• dur-manas – ill-minded, dejected, grieved
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound of dur (bad) + manas (mind)
  Prefix: dur

Note: Agrees with Śakraḥ

त्रै-शीर्षया (trai-śīrṣayā) - in connection with the three-headed Vishvarupa (by the three-headed one (referring to Vishvarupa))

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of trai-śīrṣya

trai-śīrṣya - relating to the three-headed one (Vishvarupa)

Derived from tri-śīrṣa (three-headed)

Note: Refers to the act related to the three-headed Vishvarupa

अभिभूतः (abhibhūtaḥ) - afflicted or overwhelmed (overcome, overpowered, seized)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhibhūta

abhibhūta - overcome, overpowered, seized

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'bhū' (to be) with prefix 'abhi'

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Sa

च (ca) - and, indicating an additional point (and, also)

(indeclinable)

स (sa) - he (referring to Indra) (he, that (masculine singular nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, referring to Śakra

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - at an earlier time (formerly, previously, before)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of accusative singular neuter

ब्रह्म-हत्यया (brahma-hatyayā) - due to the severe sin of slaying a brahmin (by the killing of a brahmin, by brahminicide)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of brahma-hatyā

brahma-hatyā - brahminicide, the killing of a brahmin

Tatpurusha compound (brahman + hatyā)

Compound type : tatpurusha (brahman+hatyā)

• brahman – Brahmin, priest, the Absolute (brahman)
  noun (masculine)
• hatyā – killing, murder, slaughter
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root 'han' (to kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Cause of being overcome