महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-10, verse-20

ऋषिवाक्यं निशम्याथ स वृत्रः सुमहाबलः ।
उवाच तांस्तदा सर्वान्प्रणम्य शिरसासुरः ॥२०॥

20. ṛṣivākyaṁ niśamyātha sa vṛtraḥ sumahābalaḥ ,
uvāca tāṁstadā sarvānpraṇamya śirasāsuraḥ.

20. ṛṣivākyam niśamya atha saḥ vṛtraḥ sumahābalaḥ
uvāca tān tadā sarvān praṇamya śirasā asuraḥ

20. Then, having heard the sage's words, that immensely powerful asura (Vṛtra), bowing his head, spoke to all of them at that time.

Words meanings summery:

• ऋषिवाक्यम् (ṛṣivākyam) - sage's word, sage's statement

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived

• अथ (atha) - then, next, moreover

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• वृत्रः (vṛtraḥ) - Vṛtra (name of an asura)

• सुमहाबलः (sumahābalaḥ) - very powerful, immensely strong

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

• तान् (tān) - them

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, everyone

• प्रणम्य (praṇamya) - having bowed, having saluted

• शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head

• असुरः (asuraḥ) - asura (demon)

Words meanings and morphology

ऋषिवाक्यम् (ṛṣivākyam) - sage's word, sage's statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ṛṣivākya

ṛṣivākya - the word of a sage, statement of a seer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ṛṣi+vākya)

• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
• vākya – word, speech, statement, sentence
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root vac (to speak)
  Root: vac (class 2)

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root śam (to hear, perceive) with prefix ni- and suffix -ya

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

अथ (atha) - then, next, moreover

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वृत्रः (vṛtraḥ) - Vṛtra (name of an asura)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛtra

vṛtra - Vṛtra (name of a powerful asura, adversary of Indra)

सुमहाबलः (sumahābalaḥ) - very powerful, immensely strong

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahābala

sumahābala - having very great strength, immensely powerful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+mahā+bala)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

Root: vac (class 2)

तान् (tān) - them

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

प्रणम्य (praṇamya) - having bowed, having saluted

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root nam (to bow) with prefix pra- and suffix -ya

Prefix: pra

Root: nam (class 1)

शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top, peak

असुरः (asuraḥ) - asura (demon)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asura

asura - demon, anti-god, mighty one (in early Vedic texts), divine being (in early Vedic texts)