महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-10, verse-39

निहते तु ततो वृत्रे दिशो वितिमिराभवन् ।
प्रववौ च शिवो वायुः प्रजाश्च जहृषुस्तदा ॥३९॥

39. nihate tu tato vṛtre diśo vitimirābhavan ,
pravavau ca śivo vāyuḥ prajāśca jahṛṣustadā.

39. nihate tu tataḥ vṛtre diśaḥ vitimirāḥ abhavan
pravavau ca śivaḥ vāyuḥ prajāḥ ca jahṛṣuḥ tadā

39. When Vṛtra was slain, then the directions became free of darkness. A gentle wind blew, and the beings (prajā) rejoiced at that time.

Words meanings summery:

• निहते (nihate) - when slain, in the slain, having been struck down

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, then, on the other hand

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that, therefore

• वृत्रे (vṛtre) - in Vṛtra, when Vṛtra (was slain)

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters of the sky

• वितिमिराः (vitimirāḥ) - free from darkness, without darkness

• अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, they were

• प्रववौ (pravavau) - it blew

• च (ca) - and, also

• शिवः (śivaḥ) - auspicious, gentle, benevolent

• वायुः (vāyuḥ) - wind, air, Vāyu (god of wind)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - beings, creatures, people, subjects, progeny

• च (ca) - and, also

• जहृषुः (jahṛṣuḥ) - they rejoiced, they were glad

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

निहते (nihate) - when slain, in the slain, having been struck down

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, struck down

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √han (हन्) with prefix ni (नि)

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, then, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that, therefore

(indeclinable)

वृत्रे (vṛtre) - in Vṛtra, when Vṛtra (was slain)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vṛtra

vṛtra - Vṛtra (a Vedic demon, personification of drought)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with nihate.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters of the sky

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky, region

वितिमिराः (vitimirāḥ) - free from darkness, without darkness

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vitimira

vitimira - free from darkness, without gloom

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+timira)

• vi – without, separation, distinct
  indeclinable
• timira – darkness, gloom
  noun (neuter)

अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhavan

Imperfect

Root √bhū (भू), 3rd person plural active

Root: bhū (class 1)

प्रववौ (pravavau) - it blew

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of pravavau

Perfect

Root √vā (वा) with prefix pra (प्र), 3rd person singular active

Prefix: pra

Root: vā (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

शिवः (śivaḥ) - auspicious, gentle, benevolent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śiva

śiva - auspicious, propitious, benevolent, kind, Shiva

वायुः (vāyuḥ) - wind, air, Vāyu (god of wind)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, Vāyu (god of wind)

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - beings, creatures, people, subjects, progeny

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, creatures, subjects, people

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

जहृषुः (jahṛṣuḥ) - they rejoiced, they were glad

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of jahṛṣuḥ

Perfect

Root √hṛṣ (हृष्), 3rd person plural active

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)