महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-240, verse-43

रथैर्नागैः पदातैश्च शुशुभेऽतीव संकुला ।
व्यपेताभ्रघने काले द्यौरिवाव्यक्तशारदी ॥४३॥

43. rathairnāgaiḥ padātaiśca śuśubhe'tīva saṁkulā ,
vyapetābhraghane kāle dyaurivāvyaktaśāradī.

43. rathaiḥ nāgaiḥ padātaiḥ ca śuśubhe atīva saṃkulā
vyapetābhraghane kāle dyauḥ iva avyaktaśāradī

43. Extremely crowded with chariots, elephants, and infantry, it shone like the brilliantly clear autumn sky at a time when dense clouds have completely vanished.

Words meanings summery:

• रथैः (rathaiḥ) - with chariots

• नागैः (nāgaiḥ) - with elephants

• पदातैः (padātaiḥ) - with infantry, with foot-soldiers

• च (ca) - and

• शुशुभे (śuśubhe) - it shone, it was splendid, it was beautiful

• अतीव (atīva) - exceedingly, extremely, very much

• संकुला (saṁkulā) - crowded, densely packed, filled

• व्यपेताभ्रघने (vyapetābhraghane) - when dense clouds have departed, in a cloudless and clear time

• काले (kāle) - in time, in season

• द्यौः (dyauḥ) - sky, heaven

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अव्यक्तशारदी (avyaktaśāradī) - like the clear autumn sky

Words meanings and morphology

रथैः (rathaiḥ) - with chariots

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

नागैः (nāgaiḥ) - with elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - serpent, snake; elephant

पदातैः (padātaiḥ) - with infantry, with foot-soldiers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of padāta

padāta - foot-soldier, infantryman

Derived from `pada` (foot) with a suffix indicating 'one who goes by foot'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

शुशुभे (śuśubhe) - it shone, it was splendid, it was beautiful

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (Liṭ) of śubh

Perfect

Reduplicated Perfect (Liṭ), ātmanepada (middle voice).

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: The implicit subject is 'mahācamūḥ' (the great army) from the previous verse.

अतीव (atīva) - exceedingly, extremely, very much

(indeclinable)

संकुला (saṁkulā) - crowded, densely packed, filled

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saṃkula

saṁkula - crowded, confused, filled with, dense

Derived from `sam-kul` (to mix, crowd) or `sam-kṛ` with various suffixes. Often acts as a primary adjective.

Prefix: sam

Root: kul

Note: Modifies 'mahācamūḥ' (implied subject).

व्यपेताभ्रघने (vyapetābhraghane) - when dense clouds have departed, in a cloudless and clear time

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vyapetābhraghana

vyapetābhraghana - where dense clouds have gone away, cloudless and clear (describing a time or season)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyapeta+abhra+ghana)

• vyapeta – departed, gone away, removed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From `vi-apa-i` (to go away, depart).
  Prefixes: vi+apa
  Root: i (class 2)
• abhra – cloud, sky
  noun (neuter)
• ghana – dense, thick, solid; a cloud
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'kāle'.

काले (kāle) - in time, in season

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, proper time

द्यौः (dyauḥ) - sky, heaven

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dyu

dyu - sky, heaven, celestial region

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अव्यक्तशारदी (avyaktaśāradī) - like the clear autumn sky

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of avyaktaśāradī

avyaktaśāradī - clearly autumnal, distinct autumn (sky)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (avyakta+śāradī)

• avyakta – unmanifested, indistinct; clear, distinct, unclouded
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From `a-` (negation) + `vi-añj` (to manifest). Here implies clear/unclouded.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: añj (class 7)
• śāradī – autumnal, belonging to autumn
  adjective (feminine)
  Derived from `śarad` (autumn) with a feminine suffix.

Note: Modifies 'dyauḥ'.