महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-240, verse-2

अकार्षीः साहसमिदं कस्मात्प्रायोपवेशनम् ।
आत्मत्यागी ह्यवाग्याति वाच्यतां चायशस्करीम् ॥२॥

2. akārṣīḥ sāhasamidaṁ kasmātprāyopaveśanam ,
ātmatyāgī hyavāgyāti vācyatāṁ cāyaśaskarīm.

2. akārṣīḥ sāhasam idam kasmāt prāyopaveśanam
ātmatyāgī hi avāk yāti vācyatām ca ayaśaskarīm

2. Why have you undertaken this rash act of a fast unto death? Indeed, one who abandons their own self (ātman) goes to a degraded state and incurs public blame and dishonor.

2. מדוע עשית את המעשה הפזיז הזה, צום עד מוות? הרי מי שמוותר על עצמו יורד מטה ולוקה בחרפה השוללת תהילה.

Words meanings summery:

• अकार्षीः (akārṣīḥ) - you did, you performed

• साहसम् (sāhasam) - rashness, daring deed, violence

• इदम् (idam) - this

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

• प्रायोपवेशनम् (prāyopaveśanam) - fast unto death, sitting down to die

• आत्मत्यागी (ātmatyāgī) - one who abandons oneself, commits suicide

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• अवाक् (avāk) - downward, low, hellish

• याति (yāti) - goes, proceeds

• वाच्यताम् (vācyatām) - public blame (reprehensibility, blameworthiness, state of being spoken ill of)

• च (ca) - and

• अयशस्करीम् (ayaśaskarīm) - causing infamy, dishonorable

Words meanings and morphology

अकार्षीः (akārṣīḥ) - you did, you performed

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, Aorist (luṅ) of kṛ

Aorist

2nd person singular Aorist active

Root: kṛ (class 8)

साहसम् (sāhasam) - rashness, daring deed, violence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sāhasa

sāhasa - rashness, daring, violence, presumptuousness

from sahasa

Note: Also nominative singular neuter. Context implies accusative object of akārṣīḥ.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Note: Also nominative singular neuter. Modifies sāhasam and prāyopaveśanam.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

(indeclinable)

Note: Here used adverbially. If considered as an ablative case, it means 'from what (reason)'.

प्रायोपवेशनम् (prāyopaveśanam) - fast unto death, sitting down to die

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prāyopaveśana

prāyopaveśana - fast unto death, sitting down to die, voluntary starvation

Compound of prāya and upaveśana

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāya+upaveśana)

• prāya – fast, suicide, a vow to die by fasting
  noun (masculine)
• upaveśana – sitting down, act of sitting
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root viś with upasarga upa
  Prefix: upa
  Root: viś (class 6)

Note: object of akārṣīḥ

आत्मत्यागी (ātmatyāgī) - one who abandons oneself, commits suicide

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmatyāgin

ātmatyāgin - one who abandons oneself, commits suicide

Compound of ātman and tyāgin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+tyāgin)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, the true individual essence
  noun (masculine)
• tyāgin – abandoning, renouncing, one who gives up
  noun (masculine)
  From root tyaj 'to abandon' + -in suffix (agent noun)
  Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Subject of yāti.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

अवाक् (avāk) - downward, low, hellish

(adjective)

of avāc

avāc - downward, low, hellish

stem avāñc (declines like prāñc)

Note: In context, avāk yāti means "goes downwards" or "goes to a low state".

याति (yāti) - goes, proceeds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Present indicative

3rd person singular Present active

Root: yā (class 2)

वाच्यताम् (vācyatām) - public blame (reprehensibility, blameworthiness, state of being spoken ill of)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vācyatā

vācyatā - blameworthiness, reprehensibility, object of reproach

from vācya (to be spoken) + -tā (abstract noun suffix)

Note: object of yāti (goes to blame)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अयशस्करीम् (ayaśaskarīm) - causing infamy, dishonorable

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ayaśaskara

ayaśaskara - causing infamy, dishonorable, disgraceful

Compound of a, yaśas, and kara. Feminine form -ī.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+yaśas+kara)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• yaśas – fame, glory, reputation
  noun (neuter)
• kara – making, causing, doing, maker
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root kṛ 'to do' + -a suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies vācyatām.

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