महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-203, verse-40

नित्यं क्रोधात्तपो रक्षेच्छ्रियं रक्षेत मत्सरात् ।
विद्यां मानापमानाभ्यामात्मानं तु प्रमादतः ॥४०॥

40. nityaṁ krodhāttapo rakṣecchriyaṁ rakṣeta matsarāt ,
vidyāṁ mānāpamānābhyāmātmānaṁ tu pramādataḥ.

40. nityaṃ krodhāt tapaḥ rakṣet śriyaṃ rakṣeta matsarāt
vidyāṃ māna apamānābhyām ātmānaṃ tu pramādataḥ

40. One should always protect one's spiritual austerity (tapas) from anger, and one's prosperity from envy. One should protect knowledge from both honor and dishonor, and one's self (ātman) from heedlessness.

Words meanings summery:

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

• क्रोधात् (krodhāt) - from anger (from anger, due to anger)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - spiritual austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual fervor)

• रक्षेत् (rakṣet) - one should protect (one should protect, one should guard)

• श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity (prosperity, wealth, glory, beauty, fortune)

• रक्षेत (rakṣeta) - one should protect (one should protect, one should guard (ātmanepada))

• मत्सरात् (matsarāt) - from envy (from envy, from jealousy, from malice)

• विद्याम् (vidyām) - knowledge (knowledge, learning, science)

• मान अपमानाभ्याम् (māna apamānābhyām) - from both honor and dishonor (from honor and dishonor, from respect and disrespect)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - one's self (ātman) (the self, the soul, the ego)

• तु (tu) - and (here, acts as a conjunction connecting the last clause) (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

• प्रमादतः (pramādataḥ) - from heedlessness (from heedlessness, from carelessness, from error)

Words meanings and morphology

नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

(indeclinable)

क्रोधात् (krodhāt) - from anger (from anger, due to anger)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath, fury

From root √kruḍh.

Root: kruḍh (class 1)

तपः (tapaḥ) - spiritual austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual fervor)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor, heat

From root √tap.

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: tapas (neuter) accusative singular can be tapaḥ.

रक्षेत् (rakṣet) - one should protect (one should protect, one should guard)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of rakṣ

Optative active, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada

From root √rakṣ (class 1).

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity (prosperity, wealth, glory, beauty, fortune)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - prosperity, wealth, glory, beauty, fortune, divine grace

रक्षेत (rakṣeta) - one should protect (one should protect, one should guard (ātmanepada))

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of rakṣ

Optative middle (ātmanepada), 3rd person singular

From root √rakṣ (class 1), often used in both parasmaipada and ātmanepada.

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

मत्सरात् (matsarāt) - from envy (from envy, from jealousy, from malice)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of matsara

matsara - envy, jealousy, malice, hatred

From root √mad (to be joyous, also to be angry/envious).

Root: mad (class 4)

विद्याम् (vidyām) - knowledge (knowledge, learning, science)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science, wisdom

From root √vid.

Root: vid (class 2)

मान अपमानाभ्याम् (māna apamānābhyām) - from both honor and dishonor (from honor and dishonor, from respect and disrespect)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, dual of mānāpamāna

mānāpamāna - honor and dishonor, respect and disrespect

Dvandva compound of māna and apamāna.

Compound type : dvandva (māna+apamāna)

• māna – honor, respect, pride, measure
  noun (masculine)
  From root √man.
  Root: man (class 4)
• apamāna – dishonor, disrespect, insult
  noun (masculine)
  From root √man with prefix apa-.
  Prefix: apa
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: The ablative dual ending -ābhyām covers both meanings.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - one's self (ātman) (the self, the soul, the ego)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, ego, essence, life, Brahman

तु (tu) - and (here, acts as a conjunction connecting the last clause) (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

प्रमादतः (pramādataḥ) - from heedlessness (from heedlessness, from carelessness, from error)

(indeclinable)

From root √mad with prefix pra-. The suffix -tas indicates ablative meaning 'from, out of, on account of'.

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: -tas suffix functions as an ablative.