महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-203, verse-3

व्याध उवाच ।
हन्त ते कथयिष्यामि यन्मां त्वं परिपृच्छसि ।
एषां गुणान्पृथक्त्वेन निबोध गदतो मम ॥३॥

3. vyādha uvāca ,
hanta te kathayiṣyāmi yanmāṁ tvaṁ paripṛcchasi ,
eṣāṁ guṇānpṛthaktvena nibodha gadato mama.

3. vyādhaḥ uvāca | hanta te kathayiṣyāmi yat mām tvam
paripṛcchasi | eṣām guṇān pṛthaktvena nibodha gadataḥ mama

3. The hunter said: 'Well then, I will tell you what you are asking me. Understand these qualities (guṇa) distinctly as I speak them to you.'

Words meanings summery:

• व्याधः (vyādhaḥ) - a hunter

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• हन्त (hanta) - indeed, well then, alas (an interjection)

• ते (te) - to you, for you, your

• कथयिष्यामि (kathayiṣyāmi) - I will tell, I will narrate

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• माम् (mām) - me

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• परिपृच्छसि (paripṛcchasi) - you ask, you inquire

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these

• गुणान् (guṇān) - the qualities, properties

• पृथक्त्वेन (pṛthaktvena) - separately, distinctly

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand, perceive, know

• गदतः (gadataḥ) - of speaking, while speaking, from one who speaks

• मम (mama) - my, of me

Words meanings and morphology

व्याधः (vyādhaḥ) - a hunter

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyādha

vyādha - hunter, fowler

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

root vac, Perfect, 3rd Person, Singular, Active Voice

Root: vac (class 2)

हन्त (hanta) - indeed, well then, alas (an interjection)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - to you, for you, your

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, your

कथयिष्यामि (kathayiṣyāmi) - I will tell, I will narrate

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of kathay

Future Active

root kath (causative of kath), Future, 1st Person, Singular, Active Voice

Root: kath (class 10)

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Can also be an indeclinable 'because, since'. Here functions as a relative pronoun object.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my, we, us, our

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, your

परिपृच्छसि (paripṛcchasi) - you ask, you inquire

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pariprach

Present Active

root prach with prefix pari, Present, 2nd Person, Singular, Active Voice

Prefix: pari

Root: prach (class 6)

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to the guṇas.

गुणान् (guṇān) - the qualities, properties

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, property, attribute, merit, a constituent of nature

पृथक्त्वेन (pṛthaktvena) - separately, distinctly

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pṛthaktva

pṛthaktva - separateness, distinctness, individuality

निबोध (nibodha) - understand, perceive, know

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of nibudh

Imperative Active

root budh with prefix ni, Imperative, 2nd Person, Singular, Active Voice

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

गदतः (gadataḥ) - of speaking, while speaking, from one who speaks

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gadat

gadat - speaking, saying

Present Active Participle

root gad, Present Active Participle, Genitive, Singular

Root: gad (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'mama' (my/of me), indicating 'of me who is speaking'.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my, we, us, our

Note: 'gadataḥ mama' means 'of me speaking'.