महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-203, verse-48

तपोनित्येन दान्तेन मुनिना संयतात्मना ।
अजितं जेतुकामेन भाव्यं सङ्गेष्वसङ्गिना ॥४८॥

48. taponityena dāntena muninā saṁyatātmanā ,
ajitaṁ jetukāmena bhāvyaṁ saṅgeṣvasaṅginā.

48. tapas-nityena dāntena muninā saṃyata-ātmanā
ajitam jetu-kāmena bhāvyam saṅgeṣu a-saṅginā

48. One who is constantly engaged in asceticism (tapas), self-controlled, a sage (muni) with a restrained self (ātman), desiring to conquer the unconquered, should be free from attachment (asaṅga) to worldly contacts (saṅga).

48. מי שמבקש לנצח את הבלתי מנוצח, קדוש שעוסק תמיד בתרגול עוצמה רוחנית, מאופק ושולט בעצמו, צריך להישאר בלי התקשרות בתוך ההתקשרויות.

Words meanings summery:

• तपस्-नित्येन (tapas-nityena) - by one who is constantly devoted to asceticism (tapas) (by one who is constantly engaged in asceticism, by one whose constant practice is penance)

• दान्तेन (dāntena) - by one who is self-controlled (by a self-controlled one, by a subdued one)

• मुनिना (muninā) - by a sage (muni) (by a sage, by an ascetic)

• संयत-आत्मना (saṁyata-ātmanā) - by one with a restrained self (ātman) (by one whose self is restrained, by a self-controlled person)

• अजितम् (ajitam) - the unconquered (referring to internal foes like desire, anger etc.) (the unconquered, that which is not conquered)

• जेतु-कामेन (jetu-kāmena) - by one desiring to conquer (by one desiring to conquer, wishing to overcome)

• भाव्यम् (bhāvyam) - it should be (used impersonally to express an obligation or necessity) (it is to be, it should be, must be)

• सङ्गेषु (saṅgeṣu) - in worldly contacts or associations (saṅga) (in attachments, in contacts, in associations)

• अ-सङ्गिना (a-saṅginā) - by one who is free from attachment (asaṅga) (by one who is unattached, by one free from attachment)

Words meanings and morphology

तपस्-नित्येन (tapas-nityena) - by one who is constantly devoted to asceticism (tapas) (by one who is constantly engaged in asceticism, by one whose constant practice is penance)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tapas-nitya

tapas-nitya - constantly engaged in asceticism, devoted to penance

Compound type : tatpurusha (tapas+nitya)

• tapas – asceticism, penance, austerity, heat
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root √tap (to heat, to perform austerity).
  Root: tap (class 1)
• nitya – constant, eternal, perpetual, always
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'muninā'.

दान्तेन (dāntena) - by one who is self-controlled (by a self-controlled one, by a subdued one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dānta

dānta - self-controlled, subdued, tamed, calm

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root √dam (to tame, to control).

Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'muninā'.

मुनिना (muninā) - by a sage (muni) (by a sage, by an ascetic)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, seer, saint

संयत-आत्मना (saṁyata-ātmanā) - by one with a restrained self (ātman) (by one whose self is restrained, by a self-controlled person)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of saṃyata-ātman

saṁyata-ātman - one whose self is restrained, self-controlled, disciplined in spirit

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃyata+ātman)

• saṃyata – restrained, controlled, disciplined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root √yam (to restrain) with prefix sam-.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: yam (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, essence, breath
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'muninā'.

अजितम् (ajitam) - the unconquered (referring to internal foes like desire, anger etc.) (the unconquered, that which is not conquered)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ajita

ajita - unconquered, invincible

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root √ji (to conquer) with negative prefix a-.

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+jita)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• jita – conquered, vanquished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root √ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Used here substantively as 'the unconquered'.

जेतु-कामेन (jetu-kāmena) - by one desiring to conquer (by one desiring to conquer, wishing to overcome)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of jetu-kāma

jetu-kāma - desiring to conquer, wishing to overcome

Compound type : tatpurusha (jetu+kāma)

• jetu – to conquer, in order to conquer
  indeclinable
  Infinitive
  Infinitive form of root √ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'muninā'.

भाव्यम् (bhāvyam) - it should be (used impersonally to express an obligation or necessity) (it is to be, it should be, must be)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhāvya

bhāvya - to be, to become, destined to be, future

Gerundive (Passive Future Participle)

Gerundive form of root √bhū (to be).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used impersonally here. 'It should be [so] by [him who is described by the instrumental adjectives]'.

सङ्गेषु (saṅgeṣu) - in worldly contacts or associations (saṅga) (in attachments, in contacts, in associations)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of saṅga

saṅga - attachment, contact, association, union

Derived from root √sañj (to cling, attach) with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: sañj (class 1)

अ-सङ्गिना (a-saṅginā) - by one who is free from attachment (asaṅga) (by one who is unattached, by one free from attachment)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of a-saṅgin

a-saṅgin - unattached, free from attachment, detached

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+saṅgin)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• saṅgin – attached, associated with, clinging to
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from 'saṅga' (attachment) with the suffix '-in'.

Note: Agrees with 'muninā'. This instrumental phrase indicates the agent of the impersonal verb 'bhāvyam'.

Previous Verse Next Verse