महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-203, verse-21

धातुष्वग्निस्तु विततः स तु वायुसमीरितः ।
रसान्धातूंश्च दोषांश्च वर्तयन्परिधावति ॥२१॥

21. dhātuṣvagnistu vitataḥ sa tu vāyusamīritaḥ ,
rasāndhātūṁśca doṣāṁśca vartayanparidhāvati.

21. dhātuṣu agniḥ tu vitataḥ saḥ tu vāyu-samīritaḥ
rasān dhātūn ca doṣān ca vartayan paridhāvati

21. Indeed, the digestive fire (agni) is diffused throughout the bodily constituents (dhātus). This fire, impelled by the vital air (vāyu), circulates, activating the essences (rasa), the bodily constituents (dhātus), and the humors (doṣa).

Words meanings summery:

• धातुषु (dhātuṣu) - in the bodily constituents (tissues, humors, etc.) (dhātus) (in the bodily constituents, in elements)

• अग्निः (agniḥ) - the digestive fire (agni), responsible for metabolism (fire, digestive fire)

• तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizing the statement (but, indeed, yet)

• विततः (vitataḥ) - diffused, pervasive (spread, diffused, extended)

• सः (saḥ) - that (fire), referring back to agni (he, that)

• तु (tu) - emphasizing, "moreover" or "then" (but, indeed, yet)

• वायु-समीरितः (vāyu-samīritaḥ) - impelled by the vital air (vāyu) (impelled by wind/air)

• रसान् (rasān) - the essences (rasa), i.e., vital fluids or nutrients (essences, flavors, sentiments, chyle)

• धातून् (dhātūn) - the bodily constituents (dhātus), i.e., the fundamental tissues (bodily constituents, elements)

• च (ca) - and

• दोषान् (doṣān) - the bodily humors (doṣas) (vāyu, pitta, kapha) (humors, faults)

• च (ca) - and

• वर्तयन् (vartayan) - activating, keeping in motion, supporting (causing to move, maintaining, activating)

• परिधावति (paridhāvati) - circulates, diffuses throughout the body (runs around, circulates, diffuses)

Words meanings and morphology

धातुषु (dhātuṣu) - in the bodily constituents (tissues, humors, etc.) (dhātus) (in the bodily constituents, in elements)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of dhātu

dhātu - element, constituent of the body, primary tissue (e.g., blood, muscle, bone), mineral

From root dhā (to place, to hold, to support).

Root: dhā (class 3)

अग्निः (agniḥ) - the digestive fire (agni), responsible for metabolism (fire, digestive fire)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, god of fire, digestive fire, heat

Root: ag

तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizing the statement (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis or contrast.

विततः (vitataḥ) - diffused, pervasive (spread, diffused, extended)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vitata

vitata - spread, extended, diffused, pervading, stretched out

Past Passive Participle

From root tan (to spread, extend) with upasarga vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: tan (class 8)

सः (saḥ) - that (fire), referring back to agni (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, them

Demonstrative pronoun stem.

Note: Subject for the second clause.

तु (tu) - emphasizing, "moreover" or "then" (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

वायु-समीरितः (vāyu-samīritaḥ) - impelled by the vital air (vāyu) (impelled by wind/air)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyu-samīrita

vāyu-samīrita - propelled/impelled/stirred by wind or air

Past Passive Participle

Compound: vāyu (agent, implied instrumental) + samīrita (impelled). From root īr (to move, stir) with upasarga sam.

Compound type : instrumental tatpurusha (vāyu+samīrita)

• vāyu – wind, air, vital air (prāṇa)
  noun (masculine)
• samīrita – impelled, stirred, moved, agitated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root īr with upasarga sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: īr (class 2)

रसान् (rasān) - the essences (rasa), i.e., vital fluids or nutrients (essences, flavors, sentiments, chyle)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rasa

rasa - juice, essence, taste, fluid, sentiment, chyle, primary fluid

From root ras (to taste, relish).

Root: ras (class 1)

धातून् (dhātūn) - the bodily constituents (dhātus), i.e., the fundamental tissues (bodily constituents, elements)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dhātu

dhātu - element, constituent of the body, primary tissue (e.g., blood, muscle, bone), mineral

From root dhā (to place, to hold, to support).

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of 'vartayan'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `rasān` and `dhātūn`.

दोषान् (doṣān) - the bodily humors (doṣas) (vāyu, pitta, kapha) (humors, faults)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, bodily humor (vāyu, pitta, kapha), vice

From root duṣ (to be corrupt, to err).

Root: duṣ (class 4)

Note: Object of 'vartayan'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `dhātūn` and `doṣān`.

वर्तयन् (vartayan) - activating, keeping in motion, supporting (causing to move, maintaining, activating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vartayant

vartayant - causing to turn, maintaining, causing to exist, activating, supporting

Present Active Causative Participle

From causative stem of root vṛt (to be, exist, turn).

Root: vṛt (class 1)

परिधावति (paridhāvati) - circulates, diffuses throughout the body (runs around, circulates, diffuses)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of paridhāv

Present tense, active voice from root dhāv (to run, flow) with upasarga pari.

Prefix: pari

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'saḥ' (agniḥ).