महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-203, verse-50

परित्यजति यो दुःखं सुखं चाप्युभयं नरः ।
ब्रह्म प्राप्नोति सोऽत्यन्तमसङ्गेन च गच्छति ॥५०॥

50. parityajati yo duḥkhaṁ sukhaṁ cāpyubhayaṁ naraḥ ,
brahma prāpnoti so'tyantamasaṅgena ca gacchati.

50. parityajati yaḥ duḥkham sukham ca api ubhayam naraḥ
brahma prāpnoti saḥ atyantam asaṅgena ca gacchati

50. A person who completely gives up both sorrow and happiness attains the supreme reality (brahman) and proceeds eternally with detachment.

Words meanings summery:

• परित्यजति (parityajati) - abandons, gives up, forsakes

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, sorrow, pain, misery

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure, joy, ease

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• उभयम् (ubhayam) - both

• नरः (naraḥ) - man, person, human being

• ब्रह्म (brahma) - The ultimate reality or universal consciousness (brahman). (the supreme reality, the absolute (brahman))

• प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains, reaches, obtains

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to the 'naraḥ' mentioned earlier. (he, that)

• अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - eternally, perpetually, completely. (exceedingly, ultimately, eternally, very much)

• असङ्गेन (asaṅgena) - by detachment, by non-attachment

• च (ca) - and, also

• गच्छति (gacchati) - attains (here synonymous with 'prāpnoti' in the context of 'brahman'). (goes, proceeds, attains)

Words meanings and morphology

परित्यजति (parityajati) - abandons, gives up, forsakes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of parityaj

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whichever

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, sorrow, pain, misery

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, sorrow, pain, misery, unhappiness

Note: Object of 'parityajati'.

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure, joy, ease

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, joy, ease

Note: Object of 'parityajati'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to emphasize 'both'.

उभयम् (ubhayam) - both

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ubhaya

ubhaya - both

Note: Refers to both 'duḥkham' and 'sukham'.

नरः (naraḥ) - man, person, human being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Note: Subject of 'parityajati'.

ब्रह्म (brahma) - The ultimate reality or universal consciousness (brahman). (the supreme reality, the absolute (brahman))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - the supreme reality, the Absolute, the universal self, ultimate truth

Root: bṛh

Note: Object of 'prāpnoti'.

प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains, reaches, obtains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of prāp

Conjugated form of root 'āp' with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

सः (saḥ) - Refers to the 'naraḥ' mentioned earlier. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'prāpnoti' and 'gacchati'.

अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - eternally, perpetually, completely. (exceedingly, ultimately, eternally, very much)

(indeclinable)

Formed with prefix 'ati' and 'anta'.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (ati+anta)

• ati – over, beyond, exceeding
  indeclinable
• anta – end, limit, boundary
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial form.

असङ्गेन (asaṅgena) - by detachment, by non-attachment

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of asaṅga

asaṅga - non-attachment, detachment, freedom from worldly ties

Negation of 'saṅga' (attachment).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+saṅga)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• saṅga – attachment, contact, connection
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'sañj' (to cling, to attach)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Means 'by means of non-attachment'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'prāpnoti' and 'gacchati'.

गच्छति (gacchati) - attains (here synonymous with 'prāpnoti' in the context of 'brahman'). (goes, proceeds, attains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)