महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-178, verse-42

ततो मे विस्मयो जातस्तद्दृष्ट्वा तपसो बलम् ।
ब्रह्म च ब्राह्मणत्वं च येन त्वाहमचूचुदम् ॥४२॥

42. tato me vismayo jātastaddṛṣṭvā tapaso balam ,
brahma ca brāhmaṇatvaṁ ca yena tvāhamacūcudam.

42. tataḥ me vismayaḥ jātaḥ tat dṛṣṭvā tapasaḥ balam
brahma ca brāhmaṇatvam ca yena tvām aham acūcudam

42. Then, seeing that power of spiritual practice (tapas), wonder arose in me. Also, I realized the spiritual power (brahma) and Brahminhood by which I had afflicted you.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, thereafter

• मे (me) - to me, my

• विस्मयः (vismayaḥ) - wonder, astonishment, surprise

• जातः (jātaḥ) - born, arisen, produced, occurred

• तत् (tat) - that

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of austerity, of spiritual practice (tapas)

• बलम् (balam) - strength, power, might

• ब्रह्म (brahma) - spiritual power of the Brahmin (spiritual power, Brahman (ultimate reality))

• च (ca) - and

• ब्राह्मणत्वम् (brāhmaṇatvam) - Brahminhood, the state of being a Brahmin

• च (ca) - and

• येन (yena) - by which (spiritual power and Brahminhood) (by which, by whom (masculine/neuter instrumental))

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• अचूचुदम् (acūcudam) - I urged, I instigated, I afflicted, I impelled

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Formed from tad with the ablative suffix tas.

मे (me) - to me, my

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Enclitic form of the 1st person pronoun.

विस्मयः (vismayaḥ) - wonder, astonishment, surprise

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vismaya

vismaya - wonder, astonishment, surprise, amazement

From vi-√smi (to be astonished).

Prefix: vi

Root: √smi (class 1)

जातः (jātaḥ) - born, arisen, produced, occurred

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, become, occurred

Past Passive Participle

From √jan (to be born, to produce).

Root: √jan (class 4)

Note: Functions here almost like a verb "arose".

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root dṛś (class 1, paśyati).

Root: √dṛś (class 1)

तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of austerity, of spiritual practice (tapas)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, asceticism, austerity, penance, spiritual practice

From √tap (to heat, to perform austerity).

Root: √tap (class 1)

Note: This is an instance of 'spiritual practice (tapas)'.

बलम् (balam) - strength, power, might

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, might, army

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

ब्रह्म (brahma) - spiritual power of the Brahmin (spiritual power, Brahman (ultimate reality))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - spiritual power, sacred utterance, Veda, ultimate reality (Brahman)

From √bṛh (to grow, to expand).

Note: This is an instance of 'brahma'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects brahma and brāhmaṇatvam.

ब्राह्मणत्वम् (brāhmaṇatvam) - Brahminhood, the state of being a Brahmin

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brāhmaṇatva

brāhmaṇatva - the state or dignity of a Brahmin, Brahminhood

Abstract noun from brāhmaṇa (Brahmin) + suffix -tva.

Note: Refers to the status and power associated with being a Brahmin.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Joins the whole clause with the previous one, implying "and I saw that which had instigated you".

येन (yena) - by which (spiritual power and Brahminhood) (by which, by whom (masculine/neuter instrumental))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Relative pronoun.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

अचूचुदम् (acūcudam) - I urged, I instigated, I afflicted, I impelled

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √cud

Imperfect tense, Causative

Imperfect of the causative from root cud (class 10 codayati or class 1 codati). The reduplication (cūc-) is characteristic of intensive or causative forms.

Root: √cud (class 1)