महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-178, verse-16

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
शब्दे स्पर्शे च रूपे च तथैव रसगन्धयोः ।
तस्याधिष्ठानमव्यग्रं ब्रूहि सर्प यथातथम् ॥१६॥

16. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
śabde sparśe ca rūpe ca tathaiva rasagandhayoḥ ,
tasyādhiṣṭhānamavyagraṁ brūhi sarpa yathātatham.

16. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca śabde sparśe ca rūpe ca tathā eva
rasagandhayoḥ tasya adhiṣṭhānam avyagram brūhi sarpa yathātatham

16. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'Please tell me, O serpent, precisely the undisturbed basis of sound, touch, form, and similarly of taste and smell.'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• शब्दे (śabde) - in sound (in sound, regarding sound)

• स्पर्शे (sparśe) - in touch (in touch, regarding touch)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• रूपे (rūpe) - in form (in form, in appearance, regarding form)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in that manner, similarly)

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly

• रसगन्धयोः (rasagandhayoḥ) - of taste and smell (of taste and smell, in taste and smell)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (referring to the sense objects/experiences) (of that, its)

• अधिष्ठानम् (adhiṣṭhānam) - basis (seat, basis, support, abode, place, control)

• अव्यग्रम् (avyagram) - undisturbed (undisturbed, unwavering, calm, not agitated)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (tell, say, speak)

• सर्प (sarpa) - O serpent (vocative, referring to the interlocutor) (serpent, snake)

• यथातथम् (yathātatham) - precisely (exactly, truly, accurately, as it is)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest of the Pāṇḍavas)

"firm in battle" (yudhi sthira)

Compound type : aluk tatpurusha (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, Active voice

Irregular perfect tense form of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

शब्दे (śabde) - in sound (in sound, regarding sound)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, word, voice, noise

स्पर्शे (sparśe) - in touch (in touch, regarding touch)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sparśa

sparśa - touch, contact, sense of touch

From root spṛś

Root: spṛś (class 6)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

रूपे (rūpe) - in form (in form, in appearance, regarding form)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, shape, appearance, beauty, nature, image

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in that manner, similarly)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

रसगन्धयोः (rasagandhayoḥ) - of taste and smell (of taste and smell, in taste and smell)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, dual of rasagandha

rasagandha - taste and smell (a Dvandva compound)

Compound

Compound type : dvandva (rasa+gandha)

• rasa – taste, flavor, juice, essence, sentiment
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ras (class 1)
• gandha – smell, odor, fragrance
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gandh (class 10)

Note: Also possible to be genitive dual, but locative fits "in taste and smell" better given the preceding locatives.

तस्य (tasya) - of that (referring to the sense objects/experiences) (of that, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Can be masculine or neuter genitive. Given adhiṣṭhānam is neuter, tasya likely refers to a neuter context implied by the sense objects or a general concept.

अधिष्ठानम् (adhiṣṭhānam) - basis (seat, basis, support, abode, place, control)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhiṣṭhāna

adhiṣṭhāna - seat, basis, support, abode, position, control, substratum

From adhi + root sthā (to stand) + lyuṭ (ana)

Prefix: adhi

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Can also be accusative, but nominative fits the sentence structure ("tell me X").

अव्यग्रम् (avyagram) - undisturbed (undisturbed, unwavering, calm, not agitated)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avyagra

avyagra - undisturbed, unwavering, calm, not agitated, free from distraction

Negative prefix a + vyagra (agitated, distracted). Compound nañ-tatpuruṣa.

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+vyagra)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• vyagra – agitated, distracted, attentive (with vi as intensification)
  adjective (masculine)
  From vi + agra (foremost part, tip). Meaning 'having the mind turned away'.
  Prefix: vi

Note: Agrees with adhiṣṭhānam. Can also be accusative.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (tell, say, speak)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative, Active voice

Imperative 2nd singular of root brū

Root: brū (class 2)

सर्प (sarpa) - O serpent (vocative, referring to the interlocutor) (serpent, snake)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - snake, serpent

From root sṛp (to creep, glide)

Root: sṛp (class 1)

यथातथम् (yathātatham) - precisely (exactly, truly, accurately, as it is)

(indeclinable)

Compound of yathā (as) and tathā (so/thus)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+tathā)

• yathā – as, just as, according to
  indeclinable
• tathā – so, thus, in that manner
  indeclinable