महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-178, verse-24

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
मनसश्चापि बुद्धेश्च ब्रूहि मे लक्षणं परम् ।
एतदध्यात्मविदुषां परं कार्यं विधीयते ॥२४॥

24. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
manasaścāpi buddheśca brūhi me lakṣaṇaṁ param ,
etadadhyātmaviduṣāṁ paraṁ kāryaṁ vidhīyate.

24. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca manasaḥ ca api buddheḥ ca brūhi me
lakṣaṇaṃ param etat adhyātmaviduṣām param kāryam vidhīyate

24. Yudhishthira said: "Please explain to me the supreme characteristics of both the mind (manas) and the intellect (buddhi). This is considered the highest duty (kārya) for those who know the Self (adhyātman)."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• मनसः (manasaḥ) - of the mind, from the mind

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• बुद्धेः (buddheḥ) - of the intellect, from the intellect, of understanding

• च (ca) - and, also

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak, declare

• मे (me) - to me, my

• लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - characteristic, definition, mark, sign

• परम् (param) - supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one

• अध्यात्मविदुषाम् (adhyātmaviduṣām) - of those who know the Self, of those skilled in spiritual knowledge

• परम् (param) - supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - work, duty, action, what is to be done

• विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is ordained, is performed, is considered

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (son of Dharma and Kunti, eldest Pandava)

Etymology: 'steady in battle' (yudhi sthira).

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

मनसः (manasaḥ) - of the mind, from the mind

(noun)

neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, consciousness, thought

s-stem noun.

Root: man (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Particle.

बुद्धेः (buddheḥ) - of the intellect, from the intellect, of understanding

(noun)

feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, intelligence, perception

From root budh (to know, perceive).

Root: budh (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak, declare

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative Active

2nd person singular, imperative mood, active voice.

Root: brū (class 2)

मे (me) - to me, my

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

First person pronoun.

Note: Here, dative: 'to me'.

लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - characteristic, definition, mark, sign

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of lakṣaṇa

lakṣaṇa - mark, sign, characteristic, definition, attribute

From root lakṣ (to mark, perceive).

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Object of brūhi.

परम् (param) - supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent, other, beyond

Note: Qualifies lakṣaṇam.

एतत् (etat) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the whole topic.

अध्यात्मविदुषाम् (adhyātmaviduṣām) - of those who know the Self, of those skilled in spiritual knowledge

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of adhyātmavidus

adhyātmavidus - knower of the spiritual Self, one who understands the supreme (ātman)

Compound of adhyātman and vidus (knower).

Compound type : tatpurusha (adhyātman+vidus)

• adhyātman – the supreme spirit, the individual soul (ātman), spiritual knowledge
  noun (neuter)
  From adhi (concerning) + ātman (self).
  Prefix: adhi
• vidus – knower, learned, wise
  noun (masculine)
  Participle/Agent noun
  Derived from root vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

परम् (param) - supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent, other, beyond

Note: Qualifies kāryam.

कार्यम् (kāryam) - work, duty, action, what is to be done

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - work, duty, action, matter, affair, what ought to be done

Gerundive (N.P.P.)

From root kṛ (to do), meaning 'to be done' or 'that which should be done'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate nominative.

विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is ordained, is performed, is considered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of vi-dhā

Present Middle Passive

3rd person singular, present indicative, passive voice. Root dhā with vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)