महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-178, verse-20

मनसा तात पर्येति क्रमशो विषयानिमान् ।
विषयायतनस्थेन भूतात्मा क्षेत्रनिःसृतः ॥२०॥

20. manasā tāta paryeti kramaśo viṣayānimān ,
viṣayāyatanasthena bhūtātmā kṣetraniḥsṛtaḥ.

20. manasā tāta pari eti kramaśaḥ viṣayān imān
viṣayāyatanasthena bhūtātmā kṣetranihsṛtaḥ

20. O dear one, the individual self (ātman), though having emanated from the body (kṣetra) and residing in the realm of sense objects, sequentially apprehends these objects through the mind.

Words meanings summery:

• मनसा (manasā) - by the mind, with the mind

• तात (tāta) - term of address, indicating affection or respect (O dear one, father)

• परि (pari) - as a verbal prefix in `paryeti`, suggesting thoroughness or encompassing (around, about, fully, completely)

• एति (eti) - perceives, apprehends (when combined with `pari`) (goes, proceeds, approaches)

• क्रमशः (kramaśaḥ) - gradually, sequentially, step by step

• विषयान् (viṣayān) - objects, sense objects, spheres

• इमान् (imān) - these

• विषयायतनस्थेन (viṣayāyatanasthena) - referring to the individual soul being connected to the senses, which are the abode of objects. (by that which is situated in the abode of sense objects)

• भूतात्मा (bhūtātmā) - the embodied soul, the individual self (ātman)

• क्षेत्रनिह्सृतः (kṣetranihsṛtaḥ) - refers to the soul being distinct from the material body (kṣetra) from which it has 'emerged' or is separate. (emanated from the field/body, come out of the body)

Words meanings and morphology

मनसा (manasā) - by the mind, with the mind

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, consciousness

Derived from root man (to think).

Root: man (class 4)

तात (tāta) - term of address, indicating affection or respect (O dear one, father)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one, sir

परि (pari) - as a verbal prefix in `paryeti`, suggesting thoroughness or encompassing (around, about, fully, completely)

(indeclinable)

Verbal prefix (upasarga).

एति (eti) - perceives, apprehends (when combined with `pari`) (goes, proceeds, approaches)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (lat) of i

Present indicative, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: i (class 2)

क्रमशः (kramaśaḥ) - gradually, sequentially, step by step

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed with the suffix -śas from `krama` (order, sequence).

विषयान् (viṣayān) - objects, sense objects, spheres

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of viṣaya

viṣaya - object, sphere, domain, sense object, matter

From vi-√ṣi (to bind, possess).

Prefix: vi

Root: ṣi (class 5)

Note: Object of the verb `paryeti`.

इमान् (imān) - these

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun, accusative plural masculine form.

विषयायतनस्थेन (viṣayāyatanasthena) - referring to the individual soul being connected to the senses, which are the abode of objects. (by that which is situated in the abode of sense objects)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of viṣayāyatanastha

viṣayāyatanastha - situated in the abode of sense objects/senses

Compound: viṣaya + āyatana + stha. Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viṣaya+āyatana+stha)

• viṣaya – object, sense object, domain
  noun (masculine)
  From vi-√ṣi (to bind, possess).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ṣi (class 5)
• āyatana – abode, seat, locus, dwelling
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root yat (to strive) with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yat (class 1)
• stha – standing, situated, abiding
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective describing `bhūtātmā`.

भूतात्मा (bhūtātmā) - the embodied soul, the individual self (ātman)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūtātman

bhūtātman - the individual soul, the embodied self (ātman), the living being

Compound: bhūta + ātman. Tatpurusha compound (the ātman of beings) or Karma-dhāraya (the ātman which is a bhūta).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūta+ātman)

• bhūta – being, creature, element, past
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root bhū (to be).
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

क्षेत्रनिह्सृतः (kṣetranihsṛtaḥ) - refers to the soul being distinct from the material body (kṣetra) from which it has 'emerged' or is separate. (emanated from the field/body, come out of the body)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣetranihsṛta

kṣetranihsṛta - emerged from the body/field, gone out of the field

Past Passive Participle

Compound: kṣetra + niḥsṛta. Tatpurusha compound. `niḥsṛta` from niḥ-√sṛ (to flow out, emerge).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣetra+niḥsṛta)

• kṣetra – field, ground, body, place
  noun (neuter)
• niḥsṛta – emerged, gone out, issued forth
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root sṛ (to flow, run) with prefix niḥ (out).
  Prefix: nis
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective describing `bhūtātmā`.