महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-178, verse-18

सर्प उवाच ।
यदात्मद्रव्यमायुष्मन्देहसंश्रयणान्वितम् ।
करणाधिष्ठितं भोगानुपभुङ्क्ते यथाविधि ॥१८॥

18. sarpa uvāca ,
yadātmadravyamāyuṣmandehasaṁśrayaṇānvitam ,
karaṇādhiṣṭhitaṁ bhogānupabhuṅkte yathāvidhi.

18. sarpaḥ uvāca yat ātmadravyam āyuṣman dehasaṃśrayaṇānvitam
karaṇādhiṣṭhitam bhogān upabhuṅkte yathāvidhi

18. The serpent said: 'O long-lived one, that very substance of the self (ātman), which is endowed with the support of the body and controlled by the sense organs, experiences objects according to natural law (dharma).'

Words meanings summery:

• सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - The serpent (as speaker) (serpent, snake)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• यत् (yat) - which (referring to ātmadravyam) (which, what, that)

• आत्मद्रव्यम् (ātmadravyam) - the substance of the self (ātman) (substance of the self, essential nature of the self)

• आयुष्मन् (āyuṣman) - O long-lived one (vocative, addressing Yudhiṣṭhira) (O long-lived one, O blessed one)

• देहसंश्रयणान्वितम् (dehasaṁśrayaṇānvitam) - endowed with the support of the body

• करणाधिष्ठितम् (karaṇādhiṣṭhitam) - controlled by the sense organs (presided over by the senses, controlled by the organs)

• भोगान् (bhogān) - objects (of experience) (enjoyments, experiences, objects of sense)

• उपभुङ्क्ते (upabhuṅkte) - experiences (enjoys, experiences, consumes)

• यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to natural law (dharma) (according to rule, according to precept, properly, duly)

Words meanings and morphology

सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - The serpent (as speaker) (serpent, snake)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - snake, serpent

From root sṛp (to creep, glide)

Root: sṛp (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, Active voice

Irregular perfect tense form of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

यत् (yat) - which (referring to ātmadravyam) (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Acts as the subject of the clause describing ātmadravyam.

आत्मद्रव्यम् (ātmadravyam) - the substance of the self (ātman) (substance of the self, essential nature of the self)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ātmadravya

ātmadravya - substance of the self, the self as substance

Compound of ātman and dravya

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+dravya)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)
• dravya – substance, material, thing, object
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative or agreeing with yat.

आयुष्मन् (āyuṣman) - O long-lived one (vocative, addressing Yudhiṣṭhira) (O long-lived one, O blessed one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of āyuṣmat

āyuṣmat - long-lived, endowed with long life, blessed

Derived from āyus (life) with possessive suffix matup

देहसंश्रयणान्वितम् (dehasaṁśrayaṇānvitam) - endowed with the support of the body

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dehasaṃśrayaṇānvita

dehasaṁśrayaṇānvita - endowed with the refuge/support of the body

Compound of deha (body), saṃśrayaṇa (reliance, support), and anvita (endowed with, accompanied by)

Compound type : tatpurusha (deha+saṃśrayaṇa+anvita)

• deha – body, form, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dih (class 2)
• saṃśrayaṇa – resorting to, taking refuge in, dependence, support
  noun (neuter)
  From sam + śri (to resort, depend) + lyuṭ (ana)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śri (class 1)
• anvita – accompanied by, connected with, endowed with
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From anu + root i (to go) + kta (ta)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Part of a descriptive clause modifying ātmadravyam.

करणाधिष्ठितम् (karaṇādhiṣṭhitam) - controlled by the sense organs (presided over by the senses, controlled by the organs)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karaṇādhiṣṭhita

karaṇādhiṣṭhita - presided over by organs (senses), controlled by instruments

Compound of karaṇa (sense organ, instrument) and adhiṣṭhita (presided over, occupied by)

Compound type : tatpurusha (karaṇa+adhiṣṭhita)

• karaṇa – instrument, means, sense organ, action
  noun (neuter)
  From root kṛ (to do) + lyuṭ (ana)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• adhiṣṭhita – presided over, occupied, situated, controlled
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From adhi + root sthā (to stand) + kta (ta)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Part of a descriptive clause modifying ātmadravyam.

भोगान् (bhogān) - objects (of experience) (enjoyments, experiences, objects of sense)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhoga

bhoga - enjoyment, experience, pleasure, food, possession, object of sense

From root bhuj

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Direct object of upabhuṅkte.

उपभुङ्क्ते (upabhuṅkte) - experiences (enjoys, experiences, consumes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of upabhuj

Present tense, Middle voice

From upa + root bhuj (to enjoy/experience)

Prefix: upa

Root: bhuj (class 7)

यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to natural law (dharma) (according to rule, according to precept, properly, duly)

(indeclinable)

Compound of yathā (as, according to) and vidhi (rule, method, ordinance)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+vidhi)

• yathā – as, just as, according to
  indeclinable
• vidhi – rule, method, ordinance, injunction, fate, manner
  noun (masculine)
  From vi + root dhā (to place, arrange)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)