महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-178, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
भवानेतादृशो लोके वेदवेदाङ्गपारगः ।
ब्रूहि किं कुर्वतः कर्म भवेद्गतिरनुत्तमा ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
bhavānetādṛśo loke vedavedāṅgapāragaḥ ,
brūhi kiṁ kurvataḥ karma bhavedgatiranuttamā.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca bhavān etādṛśaḥ loke vedavedāṅgapāragaḥ
brūhi kim kurvataḥ karma bhavet gatiḥ anuttamā

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: Your honor is such a one in this world, having mastered the Vedas and their auxiliary sciences (Vedangas). Please tell me, by performing what kind of action (karma) would one achieve the supreme state (gati)?

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• भवान् (bhavān) - (the serpent Nahuṣa) (your honor, you)

• एतादृशः (etādṛśaḥ) - such, of this kind, like this

• लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

• वेदवेदाङ्गपारगः (vedavedāṅgapāragaḥ) - one who has mastered the Vedas and Vedangas (auxiliary sciences)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak, say

• किम् (kim) - what kind of (what, which)

• कुर्वतः (kurvataḥ) - of one doing, of one performing

• कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, ritual, fate (karma))

• भवेत् (bhavet) - would lead to, would result in (would be, might be, should be, may there be)

• गतिः (gatiḥ) - state, destination (gati) (path, movement, going, destination, state, liberation (mokṣa))

• अनुत्तमा (anuttamā) - unsurpassed, supreme, excellent, best

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (firm in battle)

Compound type : aluk-samāsa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of uvāca

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense (liṭ)

Irregular perfect tense form of root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

भवान् (bhavān) - (the serpent Nahuṣa) (your honor, you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you, being, existing

Honorific second person pronoun, or present active participle of bhū (to be). Here used as a pronoun.

Note: Subject of implied 'asti' (is)

एतादृशः (etādṛśaḥ) - such, of this kind, like this

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etādṛśa

etādṛśa - such, of this kind

Note: Agrees with bhavān

लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, realm

वेदवेदाङ्गपारगः (vedavedāṅgapāragaḥ) - one who has mastered the Vedas and Vedangas (auxiliary sciences)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vedavedāṅgapāraga

vedavedāṅgapāraga - master of the Vedas and Vedangas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (veda+vedāṅga+pāraga)

• veda – Veda, knowledge
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• vedāṅga – Vedanga, auxiliary limb of the Veda
  noun (neuter)
• pāraga – gone to the other shore, master, expert
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: pāra
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to bhavān

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak, say

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

imperative mood

From root brū (to speak), 2nd person singular, active.

Root: brū (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what kind of (what, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Neuter nominative/accusative singular

Note: Agrees with karma.

कुर्वतः (kurvataḥ) - of one doing, of one performing

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kurvat

kurvat - doing, performing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do), present active participle, genitive singular masculine.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to an implied agent.

कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, ritual, fate (karma))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, ritual, work, fate (karma)

Derived from root kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of bhavet, along with gatiḥ.

भवेत् (bhavet) - would lead to, would result in (would be, might be, should be, may there be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

optative mood

From root bhū (to be), 3rd person singular, active.

Root: bhū (class 1)

गतिः (gatiḥ) - state, destination (gati) (path, movement, going, destination, state, liberation (mokṣa))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, movement, path, destination, state, final liberation (mokṣa)

Derived from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of bhavet.

अनुत्तमा (anuttamā) - unsurpassed, supreme, excellent, best

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of anuttama

anuttama - unsurpassed, supreme, excellent

Negative prefix 'an-' + uttama (best)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+uttama)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective (feminine)

Note: Agrees with gatiḥ